Ethical Issues With Nurse Practitioner And Physician Ass

本方案是一项描述性、横断面、全国代表性研究，旨在调查非医师从业者（NP和PA）对初级保健实践相关伦理问题的看法。初级保健中的NPs表达了临床实践中围绕正义、权利、责任、无害和有益等问题的伦理冲突。确定的其他伦理冲突包括与管理式医疗机构的安排，专业责任，压力，看到和增加病人的数量，奖金和计费的做法，以降低成本。随着NP和PA的预测趋势大幅增加，影响伦理实践的因素的知识将在塑造NP和PA的未来作用，提供高质量的成本效益的医疗保健相关。此外，作为本研究方法学目的的一部分，为了评价货币激励措施对提高邮寄自填问卷回复率的有效性，将受试者随机分配至三个激励组之一。将使用描述性统计量和集中趋势（频率、平均值、标准差）以及双变量相关性指标分析数据。多元回归将被用来确定预测实践中的道德冲突和感知提供优质护理的因素。为了调查与各种货币激励相关的从业人员的响应率差异，将计算卡方。

This protocol is a descriptive, cross-sectional, nationally representative study to investigate nonphysician practitioners' (NPs and PAs)perceptions of ethical issues associated with primary care practice. NPs in primary care have expressed ethical conflicts in clinical practice centering on issues of justice, rights, responsibility, nonmaleficence, and beneficence. Other ethical conflicts identified for NPs include arrangements with managed care organizations, professional accountability, pressure to see and increasing volume of patients, and bonus and billing practices to lower costs. With the projected trends for NPs and PAs substantially increasing, knowledge of factors that influence ethical practice will be relevant in shaping the future role of the NP and PA for the provision of quality cost-effective health care. Additionally, as part of the methodological purpose of the study, to evaluate the effectiveness of monetary incentives to increase response rates to a mailed self-administered questionnaire, subjects will be randomly assigned to one of three incentive groups. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency (frequencies, mean, standard deviation) as well as bivariate correlations. Multivariate regression will be utilized to determine factors that predict ethical conflict in practice and perceived delivery of quality care. To investigate differences in response rates of practitioners related to various monetary incentives, a Chi-Square will be computed.