Dedicated High Performance Human Brain/Preclinical PET

描述(由申请人提供)： 这项提议需要一台新的高性能正电子发射断层扫描(PET)扫描仪，以取代我们PET中心目前使用的GE Advance全身扫描仪。新的扫描仪将致力于极大地增强人脑成像，中枢神经系统的临床前研究，以及包括癌症在内的其他学科的临床前研究。我们的资助和待定研究包括约翰·霍普金斯大学内外的多所大学、研究所和学校，包括国际合作。非人灵长类和人类中枢神经系统神经受体的成像一直是我们先前研究的主要重点，研究对象包括：智力低下儿童、患有精神分裂症、抑郁症和药物滥用的年轻人，以及包括抑郁症和帕金森病在内的老年人疾病。一个具有公共卫生和医学意义的重大项目涉及神经毒性的研究。所有这些研究都需要精致的3-D分辨率灵敏度轴向采样，以最大限度地恢复与小结构结合的放射性示踪剂。我们的研究计划包括四个主要领域：脑成像和药物滥用(包括酒精和可卡因)、精神疾病(包括精神分裂症和抑郁症)、神经和发育障碍，以及癌症和中枢神经系统放射性配基发展的临床前研究。包括RO1‘S、项目项目和中心拨款在内的近30项目前资助的NIH赠款代表了此次申请。在过去的几年里，我们的正电子发射计算机断层扫描计划的科学范围和参与的研究人员数量急剧增加。随着许多新的放射性示踪剂的出现和对临床前药物合作的兴趣的增加，多受体放射性示踪剂用于脑成像的机会成为现实。这些测量不能被任何其他方法复制，具有相同程度的量化、灵敏度或特异度。这些研究超越了病理生理学，包括神经精神障碍的药物开发和治疗监测。随着人们对大脑神经化学的了解越来越多，对更小、更复杂的结构进行成像的需求变得越来越重要。与我们现有的HRRT(诺克斯维尔CPS创新公司)相比，新的高性能PET相机具有先进的晶体设计、更大的孔径尺寸以及3D分辨率和灵敏度的巨大改进，将使我们能够解决这些具有挑战性的问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests a new state of the art high performance positron emission tomography (PET) scanner to replace the GE Advance whole body scanner currently used in our PET center. The new scanner will be dedicated to greatly enhanced human brain imaging, pre-clinical studies of the CNS, and pre-clinical studies from other disciplines, including cancer. Our funded and pending research studies encompass multiple universities, institutes, and schools within and outside Johns Hopkins University including international collaborations. Imaging of non human primate and human CNS neuro-receptors has been the major focus of our previous research, with studies of groups including: children with mental retardation, young adults with schizophrenia, depression, and substance abuse, and diseases in the elderly, including depression, and Parkinson's Disease. A major program of public health and medical significance involves studies of neuro-toxicity. All of these studies require exquisite 3-D resolution sensitivity axial sampling to provide the maximum recovery of radiotracer binding to small structures. Our research plan has four major areas: brain imaging and substance abuse (including alcohol and cocaine), mental illnesses (including schizophrenia and depression), neurological and developmental disorders, and pre-clinical studies for radioligand development in cancer and the CNS. Almost 30 currently funded NIH grants including RO1's, program projects, and center grants, are represented in this application. The scientific scope of our PET program and the number of investigators involved has increased dramatically over the past several years. With many new radiotracers available and increased interest in pre-clinical pharmaceutical collaboration, the opportunities for multiple receptor radiotracers for brain imaging is a reality. These measurements cannot be reproduced by any other methodology with the same degree of quantification, sensitivity, or specificity. These studies go beyond pathophysiology to include drug development and treatment monitoring of neuro-psychiatric disorders. As more is known about brain neurochemistry, the demands for imaging smaller and more intricate structures becomes increasingly important. The new high performance PET camera with advanced crystal designs, larger bore size, and great improvements in 3D resolution and sensitivity over our existing HRRT (CPS Innovations, Knoxville) will allow us to address these challenging issues.