"No one will protect what they don't care about: "Examining participation strategies for public engagement with climate discourse

有证据表明，公众对气候的担忧已达到创纪录的水平，27%的英国人口认为这是该国第三大担忧，45%的18-24奥尔兹认为这是第二大担忧（YouGov，2019，第1 -2段）。这种气候意识创造了一种双向的方法来参与公共科学的需要，以确保气候研究和政策反映公众的观点和关注。我的项目将研究公众和科学传播者之间共同制作气候话语的新方法。我将质疑气候传播背景下的“参与”意味着什么，考虑到什么样的研究理论和战略支撑着公众气候参与规划。我的目标是发现目标和结果之间的差距，在目前的参与战略。为了考虑如何弥合这些差距，我将从环境社会学、公民科学项目和文化研究的最新工作中得出参与理论和实践之间的新联系。我的论文将解决以下四个研究问题：1）什么目标和战略支持目前使用的参与模式在科学公共节目，以及这些如何反映的挑战，特别是公众参与气候话语？2)科学和技术研究能否借鉴其他领域的参与战略，如文化部门（“脚手架”概念在该部门尤为突出），使公众参与气候对话适应该专题的具体挑战和目标？3)民主化、讨论和异议在气候话语的公共规划中有什么作用和意义，不同的公众参与形式如何为这些提供机会？4)提高公众参与气候对话的程度是否有助于改变非专业人士参与气候决策的情况？通过从当前公众参与活动中提取的案例研究，我的研究将深入研究参与者参加气候参与活动的动机，他们对参与机会的体验，以及他们从参与中获得了什么。我将采用嵌入式多案例研究设计（Yin，2009，pp.47-54），使用混合方法（Bryman，2012，pp.635-636）结合定性和定量数据源。将通过模板分析方法（King和Gibbs，2012;布鲁克斯等人，2014）。每个案例研究将采用数字调查、参与者观察、焦点小组和访谈。在分析病例内结果后，将比较跨病例结果，以确定更广泛研究中的对比和元主题。我的论文将有助于填补STS的空白，建立一个基于证据的基础，以确定如何将公众的观点可以有益地整合到科学传播者的参与策略。我的研究将对比合作生产如何发生在机构和非机构的气候参与，并批判性地研究科学和机构的专业知识的想法如何影响参与者和科学传播者之间的气候知识的相互塑造。最终，我的目标是推进STS的理解如何脚手架的参与活动可以影响公众参与气候事件。根据我的研究结果，我打算为气候传播者制定一套关于使用有意识和明确的脚手架的指导原则，支持公众参与气候话语。此外，我想用我的论文来强调，需要一个连贯的，国家战略，公众参与气候话语类似于白色文件规定的文化政策，涵盖公众参与文化部门的举措（DCMS，2016）。

Evidence indicates public climate concerns have reached record-high levels, with 27% of the UK population finding it to be the third biggest concern for the country and 45% of 18-24 year olds citing it as the second biggest concern (YouGov, 2019, paras.1-2). This climate awareness creates the need for a two-way approach to public science engagement to ensure climate research and policy reflect the public's perspectives and concerns. My project will examine new approaches to co-production of climate discourse between the public and science communicators. I will question what is meant by "engagement" in the context of climate communication, considering what research theories and strategies underpin public climate engagement programming. I aim to uncover gaps between objectives and outcomes in current engagement strategies. To consider how these gaps may be closed, I will draw new connections between participation theories and practices drawn from recent work in environmental sociology, citizen science projects and cultural studies. My thesis will address the following four research questions: 1) What objectives and strategies underpin current uses of engagement modes in science public programming, and how do these reflect challenges particular to public engagement with climate discourse? 2) Can science and technology studies (STS) draw on engagement strategies from other areas, such as the cultural sector (where the concept of "scaffolding" stands out), to tailor public engagement with climate discourse to the topic's specific challenges and aims? 3) What role and significance do democratisation, discussion and dissent have in public programming for climate discourse, and how can different public engagement formats offer opportunities for these? 4) Can higher levels of participation in public engagement with climate discourse contribute to changes in lay involvement with climate policymaking? Through case studies drawn from current public engagement activities, my study will provide an in-depth examination of participants' motivations for attending climate engagement events, their experiences of participation opportunities, and what they take away from their participation. I will employ an embedded multiple case-study design (Yin, 2009, pp.47-54) using mixed methods (Bryman, 2012, pp.635-636) combining qualitative and quantitative data sources. Each case study will be analysed using an iterative, inductive-deductive approach through the Template Analysis method (King and Gibbs, 2012; Brooks et al., 2014). Each case study will employ digital surveys, participant observation, focus groups and interviews. Following analysis of intra-case findings, cross-case findings will be compared to identify contrasts and meta-themes across the wider study. My thesis will help fill a gap in STS by establishing an evidence-based foundation for identifying how public perspectives can be integrated beneficially into science communicators' engagement strategies. My study will contrast how co-production occurs in institutional and non-institutional climate engagement, and critically examine how ideas of scientific and institutional expertise influence the mutual shaping of climate knowledge between participant and science communicator. Ultimately, I aim to advance STS understandings of how the scaffolding of engagement activities can impact public participation during climate events. Based on my findings, I intend to produce a set of guiding principles for climate communicators regarding the use of conscious and explicit scaffolding, supporting critically engaged public participation in climate discourse. Furthermore, I mean to use my thesis to highlight the need for a coherent, national strategy for public engagement with climate discourse akin to White Papers set out for cultural policy covering public participation initiatives in the cultural sector (DCMS, 2016).