UK-EU Changing Relationship and its Impact on UK National Museums: A study of the time period 1991-2021

通过案例研究和档案研究、访谈和焦点小组的结合，这个跨学科的博士项目试图调查英国欧盟关系中的三个关键事件，包括英国签署《马斯特里赫特条约》(1991)、里斯本条约(2009)和英国退欧(2020)，是如何影响到英国国家博物馆实践的四个关键领域：巡回展览、研究合作、资金和劳动力。围绕英国欧盟关系的未来存在大量的不确定性(Hems，2016，第1页)。自脱欧公投通过以来，英国的国际关系开始发生变化(惠特曼，2016)。甚至在英国正式脱离欧盟之前，初步研究就发现了英国国家博物馆行业由于英国退欧而存在的多个不确定领域和潜在变化(博物馆协会，2016)。这包括减少自由流动(Steel，2017)和改变劳动力许可(Mendza，2017)、合作做法、收藏品贸易谈判(大伦敦管理局，2018年，第27页)和资金(英国文化协会，2018年)。这一系列的变化可以归类为四个关键类别：巡回展览、研究合作、劳动力和资金。这些关键领域的预期变化的重要性体现在以下事实上：这些变化受到英国与欧盟关系先前变化的显著影响(Abraham，Griffin&Crawford，1999)。目前英国与欧盟关系的关键时刻提供了一个难得的机会来回顾和评估这种关系如何在历史上对英国国家博物馆产生影响并塑造了它们的实践，目的是了解英国博物馆部门如何制定未来与欧盟的联系。通过关注前面提到的三个事件，本博士旨在回答以下研究问题：a)英国国家博物馆在1991年至2021年期间受到英国欧盟关系变化的影响？更具体地说，博士将寻求答案；1)这三个事件对英国国家博物馆与欧盟博物馆和学术机构之间的研究合作产生了怎样的影响？2)这些事件在招聘和劳动力方面对英国国家博物馆及其专业人员有什么影响？3)这三个事件对英国国家博物馆安排和执行巡回展览的能力有什么影响？4)与英国欧盟关系变化的三个关键事件相关的资金来源的变化如何为英国国家博物馆及其员工创造机会？通过回答这些问题，这项至关重要的学术研究将有助于为英国博物馆部门建立新的愿景，为未来的政策制定者提供信息，博物馆专业人士和博物馆与遗产研究学者。这项研究既与博物馆实践中不可预测和不确定的变化(Janes，1995)以及更广泛的文化组织中的组织变化相一致，也旨在为调查做出贡献。它既受到费尔曼斯(1993)承认由于博物馆所处的动荡环境而不可避免的组织变革的启发，也受到当前关于博物馆组织变革的关键学术讨论的启发。它建立在Peakcock(2008)、Abraham，Griffin&Crawford(1999)和McCall&Gray(2014)等学者提供的基础上。以前，组织变革通常是从单个组织的管理角度来探讨的。这一点在简对加拿大格列博博物馆的调查(简，1995)或Bagdadli&Paolino(2006)对意大利国家科学技术博物馆(NMST)的调查中得到了证明。这项博士研究的原创性在于它密切关注三家英国国家博物馆，并努力通过对组织变革的跨学科调查来创建英国国家博物馆部门的图景。

Through a combination of case study and archival research, interviews and focus groups, this interdisciplinary PhD project seeks to investigate how three key events of change in the UK EU relationship, inclusive of the UK's signing of the Maastricht Treaty (1991), Lisbon Treaty (2009) and Brexit (2020), have influenced four pivotal fields of UK national museums' practice: touring exhibitions, research collaborations, funding and workforce.A substantial amount of uncertainty surrounds the future of the UK EU relationship (Hems, 2016, p. 1). Since the vote to leave was passed, the UK's international relationship has started changing (Whitman, 2016). Even before the UK has officially left the EU, preliminary research has identified multiple areas of uncertainty and potential change in the UK's national museums sector due to Brexit (Museums Association, 2016). This includes a reduction of free movement (Steel, 2017) and changes to workforce permits (Mendoza, 2017), collaborative practices, collections trade negotiations (Greater London Authority, 2018, p. 27) and funding (British Council Worldwide, 2018). These series of changes can be grouped under the four key categories of touring exhibitions, research collaborations, workforce and funding. The significance of the expected changes in these key areas is evinced by the fact that these were notably impacted by previous alterations to the UK EU relationship (Abraham, Griffin & Crawford, 1999). The current pivotal moment of transition in the UK EU relationship offers an exceptional opportunity to review and assess how this relationship has historically impacted upon UK national museums and shaped their practice, with the purpose of understanding how the UK museum sector may formulate future connections with the EU.By focusing on the three events previous stated, this PhD aims to answer the following research questions:A) How have UK national museums been affected by the UK EU changing relationship over the period of 1991 2021?More specifically, the PhD will seek to answer;1) How have each of the three events influenced research collaborations between UK national museums and EU museums and academic institutions?2) What impact have these events had on UK national museums and their professionals, in terms of recruitment and workforce?3) How has the ability for UK national museums to arrange and execute touring exhibitions been affected by the three events?4) How have changes to funding sources, related to the three key events of change in UK EU relationship, created opportunities for UK national museums and their employees?Through answering these questions, this vital academic research will aid in establishing a new vision for the UK museums sector, informing future policymakers, museum professionals and Museum and Heritage Studies scholars.This study both aligns with and aims to contribute to investigations into unpredictable and uncertain changes to both museum practice (Janes, 1995) and, more widely, organisational change in cultural organisations. It is both informed by Faermans' (1993) acknowledgement that organisational change is inevitable because of the turbulent environment within which museums exist and inspired by key current academic discussions of organisational change in museums. It builds on the foundations provided by scholars such as Peakcock (2008), Abraham, Griffin & Crawford (1999) and Mccall & Gray (2014). Previously, organisation change has been often explored in regard to the management of individual organisations. This is evidenced in Janes' investigation into the Glebow Museum, Canada (Janes, 1995) or in Bagdadli & Paolino's (2006) investigation of the Italian National Museum of Science and Technology (NMST). This PhD study is original in its close focus on three national UK museums and its effort to create a picture of the UK national museum sector through an interdisciplinary investigation into organisational change.