Duke Trans-Disciplinary Prevention Research Center

描述（由申请人提供）：由于青少年的物质使用是一个社会事件，我们建议杜克-卡罗莱纳州跨学科预防研究中心解决同龄人对青少年吸毒行为的普遍影响。紧急调查结果表明，青年扩散毒品使用的态度和行为的背景下，与越轨的同龄人，这些越轨的影响发挥了重要作用，青少年吸毒。然而，尽管有这些发现，政府干预往往在没有足够监督的情况下聚集越轨的同伴，以避免越轨的同伴传染（例如，替代学校、培训学校、特殊教室、靴子训练营）和预防课程没有充分考虑到同伴影响的普遍性。拟议中的中心将由NIDA支持的高级科学家奖获得者和发展精神病理学家Kenneth Dodge和同龄人影响的领先社会心理学家Philip Costanzo共同领导。该中心将汇集学者在杜克大学和北卡罗来纳州的教堂希尔特大学从经济学，心理学，社会学，神经药理学，公共政策，统计学，精神病流行病学和健康行为的学科，以形成跨学科的工作组，将完成研究计划。34名成员将进行基础科学研究，并将这些知识转化为新的预防干预措施，在每一个三个层次的同侪影响，这将构成研究方案：1）认知和情感过程，操作内在的，但受同侪影响; 2）在二人组和小团体的人际同侪互动的社会心理学;和3）在宏观层面的机构同侪效应。这些计划中的每一个都将得到三个核心的支持，即管理、数据和实践。行政核心将通过领导力，研讨会，博士后培训和预算管理来培养知识氛围。数据核心将帮助研究人员在社区，学校和政策设置中定位他们的研究;在集中的数据中心处理数据;并在分析变化的定量方法中提供专家统计咨询。实践核心将使从业人员和政策制定者与研究人员进行持续的互动，将基础科学转化为新的预防方案，以供实施和评估。该中心将由三个研究项目和三个核心的主任组成的执行委员会管理。外部科学和实践咨询委员会将提供必要的指导。每年将通过活动日志、成员调查、出版产品汇编和外部审查来评估该中心的实施情况和影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Because substance use in adolescence is a social event, we propose the Duke-Carolina Trans-Disciplinary Prevention Research Center to address the pervasive influence of peers on adolescent drug-use behavior. Emergent findings suggest that youth proliferate drug-use attitudes and behavior in contexts with deviant peers and that these deviant influences play a major role in adolescent drug use. In spite of these findings, however, government interventions often aggregate deviant peers without adequate supervision to avoid deviant peer contagion (e.g., alternative schools, training schools, special classrooms, boot camps), and prevention curricula do not sufficiently take into account the pervasiveness of peer influences. The proposed Center will be co-led by Kenneth Dodge, a NIDA-supported Senior Scientist Award recipient and developmental psychopathologist, and Philip Costanzo, a leading social psychologist of peer influences. The Center will bring together scholars at Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hilt from the disciplines of economics, psychology, sociology, neuropharmacology, public policy, statistics, psychiatric epidemiology, and health behavior in order to form trans-disciplinary working groups that will complete programs of research. The 34 members will conduct basic science studies and will translate that knowledge into novel preventive interventions at each of three levels of peer influence, which will constitute Programs of Research: 1) cognitive and emotional processes that operate intrapersonally but are influenced by peers; 2) the social psychology of interpersonal peer interaction in dyads and small groups; and 3) institutional peer effects at a macro-level. Each of these Programs will be supported by three Cores, for Administration, Data, and Practice. The Administrative Core will nurture an intellectual climate through leadership, seminars, postdoctoral training, and budget management. The Data Core will help researchers locate their research in community, school, and policy settings; process data in a centralized data center; and provide expert statistical consultation in quantitative methods of analyzing change. The Practice Core will bring practitioners and policy makers into ongoing interaction with researchers to translate basic science into novel prevention programs for implementation and evaluation. The Center will be governed by an Executive Committee of the Directors of the three Programs of Research and the three Cores. External Scientific and Practice Advisory Boards will provide essential guidance. The Center will be evaluated annually for implementation and impact through logs of activities, surveys of members, compilation of published products, and external reviews.