Pain Assessment and Clinical Decision Making

描述（由申请人提供）：疼痛仍然是急性和慢性疾病的误解和误治症状。超过80%的疼痛患者疼痛缓解不足，主要是由于过度保守的药物治疗（WHO，1986）。这种过于保守的方法可能是由于医疗保健提供者对疼痛及其治疗的知识不足和态度不当造成的。以前的实验室和临床研究表明，性别对疼痛评估的重要性（罗宾逊和怀斯，出版中）。本研究旨在探讨性别及性别刻板印象对异质性样本护士疼痛评估及治疗策略的影响。建议的研究将通过采用透镜模型设计来改进过去的调查。该设计将包括病例插图和"患者"视频静止帧的组合，将沿着两个维度进行沿着评级：（1）疼痛和（2）实施特定疼痛管理实践的可能性。性别刻板印象的态度也将进行评估和分析与疼痛评级和干预赞同，以确定其对评估和决策的影响。这项研究将对临床实践产生明确的影响，并可能导致更多关于疼痛患者性别差异和治疗实践的协调教育工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pain remains a misunderstood and mistreated symptom of acute and chronic illness. More than 80% of pain sufferers receive insufficient pain relief, largely due to excessively conservative pharmacological treatment (WHO, 1986). This overly conservative approach likely results from inadequate knowledge and inappropriate attitudes on the part of health care providers about pain and its treatment. Previous laboratory and clinical studies suggest the importance of sex on pain assessments (Robinson & Wise, in press). This proposal aims to explore the influence of sex and gender stereotypes on pain assessments and treatment strategies in a heterogeneous sample of nurses. The proposed study will improve upon past investigations by employing a lens model design. This design will include a combination of case vignettes and video still frames of "patients" that will be rated along two dimensions: (1) pain, and (2) likelihood of implementing specific pain management practices. Gender stereotype attitudes will also be assessed and analyzed with pain ratings and intervention endorsements to determine their impact on assessments and decision-making. This study will have clear implications for clinical practice and may lead to more concerted education efforts regarding gender differences and treatment practices in pain patients.