Status & Gender Influences on Perceptions of MR

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的立法确保了各种残疾的社会成员的法律的权利和教育权利。 这些变化在多大程度上影响了非残疾社会成员的观念和行为尚不清楚。 然而，我们所知道的是，一个人在社会、教育和职业环境中发挥作用的能力不仅取决于这个人的行为，还取决于他或她被更大的社会所感知和对待的方式。 因此，探讨对残疾人的看法和反应至关重要。 这个应用程序将探讨社会心理学家已经证明是社会互动的重要决定因素的两个因素。 一个是“地位”，即一个人的社会地位、等级地位、支配地位或相对于其他群体成员的权力。 第二个是性别和坚持性别典型行为。 两者都被证明可以清楚地、持续地影响普通人群的感知和行为。 尽管对非残疾人进行了广泛的研究，但当所考虑的个人有明显的智力残疾时，对地位和/或性别影响感知和行为的程度几乎一无所知。 也许令人惊讶的是，在其他人群中受到如此广泛关注的两个因素在发育性残疾领域基本上被忽视了。 对智力障碍者的判断和反应是否与地位和性别典型行为的维度沿着？ 如果是这样，这些人的互动和运作能力可能会受到影响。 该项目有两个具体目标：（a）确定坚持典型的性别行为是否会影响非残疾人对智障女性的看法，（B）评估性别和感知地位在决定对智障女性表现出的行为方面的作用。 研究1探讨如何非残疾成人率的互动时，一名女性与精神发育迟滞坚持女性典型的语音模式相比，当她不。 研究2操纵一个人（研究同盟）的感知状态，以探讨非残疾成年人是否对他们认为患有精神发育迟滞的人表现出与同龄人、地位较高的人或地位较低的人不同的行为。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent legislation has ensured legal and educational rights for members of society with a diverse range of disabilities. The extent to which these shifts have affected perceptions and behavior by non-disabled members of society is not yet clear. What is known, however, is that an individual's ability to function in social, educational, and vocational environments is dependent not just on the behavior of that individual, but also on the ways in which he or she is perceived and treated by the larger society. Thus, exploring perceptions of and responses to individuals with disabilities is essential. This application will explore two factors that social psychologists have demonstrated to be important determinants of social interactions. One is "status," that is, a person's social standing, rank position, dominance, or power relative to other group members. The second is gender and adherence to gender-typical behavior. Both have been shown to clearly and consistently affect perceptions and behavior in the general population. Despite extensive research with non-disabled people, virtually nothing is known about the extent to which status and/or gender affect perceptions and behaviors when the individuals under consideration have a manifest intellectual disability. It is perhaps surprising that two factors that have received such widespread attention in other populations have been largely ignored in the area of developmental disabilities. Are individuals with intellectual impairments judged and responded to along the dimensions of status and gender-typical behavior? If so, the ability of such people to interact and function may be affected. This project has two specific aims: (a) to identify whether adherence to gender-typical behavior influences perceptions of females with intellectual disabilities by non-disabled individuals, and (b) to evaluate the role of gender and perceived status in determining behavior exhibited towards females with intellectual disabilities. Study 1 examines how non-disabled adults rate interactions when a female with mental retardation adheres to female-typical speech patterns as compared to when she does not. Study 2 manipulates the perceived status of an individual (a research confederate) to explore whether non-disabled adults behave differently toward someone they expect has mental retardation than someone considered to be a peer, someone of higher status, or someone of lower status.