Understanding the Nature and Impact of Online Hate Speech Victimisation

这项研究考察了英国跨性恐惧症在线仇恨言论对受害者的影响。Galop LGBT+的一项研究发现：跨性、非二元性和双性人受到更频繁的在线仇恨言论的影响，这通常更严重、更具威胁性，影响和后果更大(流浪2017)这项研究的影响将与其他类型的在线仇恨进行比较，如种族主义和能力主义者的仇恨言论，密切关注交叉性(Koyama 2006)。这项研究的目的是创建在线仇恨言论伤害指数，从而更好地了解在线仇恨言论受害者以及如何改进犯罪报告。它将提供一种对网络仇恨进行分类的方法，从而制定出针对网络仇恨的策略。为这项研究带来了一个独特的视角，我有各种在媒体工作的经验，包括为BBC黄金时段的电视节目管理社交媒体账户。这项研究可以分成几个领域，从我对大型组织如何运营、管理和监管这类平台的见解，到专注于群体内仇恨言论(例如，跨医疗者和变性者1)。由于对不同性别的人对网络仇恨的经历进行的具体研究很少，这项研究的结果将做出有价值的原创性贡献，填补当前学术知识的这一差距。预计该项目的结果将与社会数据科学、社会政策和社会学等多个领域相关。危害指数将首先使在线仇恨的受害者受益，了解如何识别和举报此类犯罪。其次，该指数将使立法者能够执行立法，像Twitter这样的公司将在应对网络仇恨方面承担更明确的责任。这项至关重要的研究将为评估和指导此类战略提供经验基础。这项研究的结果可以用来为政策制定者、Galop等第三部门组织和警方提供有用的建议，并将有助于为这一弱势群体提供足够的支持。

This research examines the effects of transphobic online hate speech on victims in the UK. A Galop LGBT+ study found: Trans, non-binary and intersex people were subjected to more frequent online hate speech, which was generally more severe, more threatening, and had greater impact and consequences (Stray 2017) The impacts of this research will be compared with other kinds of online hate, such as racist and ableist hate speech, keeping a keen eye on intersectionality (Koyama 2006).The purpose of this research is to create an online hate speech harms index, leading to a greater understanding of online hate speech victimisation and how crime reporting could be improved. It will crucially offer a way to categorise online hate and therefore develop strategies against it.Bringing a unique perspective to this research, I have varied experience working in media, including managing social media accounts for a BBC prime-time TV show. This research could branch into several areas, from using my insight regarding how large organisations operate, moderate and police such platforms, to a focus on in-group hate speech (e.g. transmedicalists vs. 'trans-trenders'1).As little specific research has been undertaken on gender diverse people's experience of online hate, the results of this research will make a valuable original contribution, addressingthis gap in current academic knowledge. It is anticipated the outcomes of this project will have relevance to several areas including social data science, social policy and sociology.An index of harms will firstly benefit the victims of online hate, in understanding how to recognise and report such crimes. Secondly the index will enable lawmakers to enforcelegislation and companies like Twitter will have a clearer responsibility for tackling online hate.This vital research will provide an empirical base on which to evaluate and steer such strategies.The findings of this research could be used to inform recommendations useful to policymakers, third sector organisations such as Galop and the police and would facilitate the provision of adequate support to this vulnerable group.