Children's Dietary Recalls: Methodology and Accuracy

描述（由申请人提供）：国家调查、nih资助的研究和其他研究经常依赖儿童提供24小时饮食回忆（24hdr），但验证研究表明儿童的回忆准确性较差。24hDR显然涵盖了摄入的24小时，但目标时间段（即要报告摄入的时间段）可能是前一天（即访谈前一天的午夜到午夜）或之前的24小时（即从访谈开始前24小时到访谈开始时）。面试时间（即面试在一天中发生的时间）可能是上午，下午或晚上。一般来说，随着时间的推移，从事件发生到回忆起来，报告的准确性会下降；因此，越早回忆起事件，报告就越准确。除了一个小规模的试点项目外，尚未有验证性研究评估目标时间段和访谈时间的操纵对儿童24hdr准确性的影响。我们的假设是，通过询问孩子们在采访前24小时的情况，在尽可能接近他们每日摄入量优势的时间内采访他们，可以最大限度地提高准确性。这个为期4年的项目的目标是调查儿童报告准确性与目标时间段和访谈时间的关系。学校早餐和学校午餐的观察结果将用于验证24小时报告的这些部分。主要目的是确定2个目标时期和3个访谈时间的6种组合中哪一种能从儿童那里得到最准确的饮食报告。从372名随机选择的四年级男生(M)和女生(F)中，每个人都将被观察吃学校早餐和学校午餐，并使用六种访谈方案中的一种进行访谈，每种方案有62名儿童（31名男生，31名女生）。报告将与观察结果进行比较，并在项目、数量和营养水平上评估准确性。由于观察对报告表现的影响会限制将研究结果推广到未观察儿童的能力，因此次要目的是确定对学校膳食的观察是否会影响饮食报告。随机选择180名没有被观察到吃两顿校餐的四年级儿童中的每一个，将使用6个访谈方案中的一个进行访谈，每个方案有30名儿童（15名男生，15名女生）。将对这180名儿童的报告和372名儿童的报告进行关键信息的比较。优化儿童报告饮食摄入量的条件可以显著提高儿童回忆的准确性。该方法学项目的结果可能对未来的国家调查、美国国立卫生研究院资助的研究和其他研究如何从儿童中获得24hdr具有重要意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): National surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies often rely on children to provide 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDRs), but validation studies show that children's recall accuracy is poor. A 24hDR obviously covers 24 hours of intake, but the target period (i.e., period for which intake is to be reported) may be the previous day (i.e., midnight to midnight of the day before the interview) or the prior 24 hours (i.e., from 24 hours before the beginning of the interview up to when the interview starts). The interview time (i.e., time the interview occurs on a day) maybe morning, afternoon, or evening. In general, as time elapses between an event and its recall, reporting accuracy declines; thus, the sooner an event is recalled, the more accurate the report is. Aside from a small pilot project, no validation study has evaluated the impact of manipulations of target period and interview time on the accuracy of children's 24hDRs. The hypothesis is that accuracy can be maximized by interviewing children as close in time as possible to the preponderance of their daily intake by asking them about the 24 hours immediately preceding the interview. The goal of the 4-year project is to investigate the relationship of reporting accuracy in children to manipulation of target period and interview time. Observations of school breakfast and school lunch will be used to validate these portions of the 24hDRs. The Primary Aim is to determine which of 6 combinations of 2 target periods and 3 interview times elicits the most accurate dietary reports from children. Each of 372 randomly selected 4th-grade males (M) and females (F) will be observed eating school breakfast and school lunch and interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 62 children (31 M, 31 F) per protocol. Reports will be compared to observations, and accuracy will be assessed at the item-, amount-, and nutrient-levels. Because an effect of observation on reporting performance would limit the ability to generalize the findings to unobserved children, the Secondary Aim is to ascertain whether observation of school meals influences dietary reporting. Each of 180 randomly selected 4th-grade children who are not observed eating the 2 school meals will be interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 30 children (15 M, 15 F) per protocol. Key information will be compared between reports from these 180 children and the 372 children observed and interviewed for the Primary Aim. Optimizing the conditions under which children report their dietary intake could meaningfully improve children's recall accuracy. Results from this methodological project could have major implications for how 24hDRs are obtained from children in future national surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies.