Novel Pyro-Gasification Technology for Hydrogen Production from Solid Waste

能源市场的脱碳是21世纪最大的挑战之一。因此，找到既可持续又能满足现代世界电力需求的新能源至关重要。氢气已被提出作为实现这一目标的合适选择。目前，氢的生产主要是利用化石燃料，通过煤的气化或天然气的蒸汽重整来实现的。如果氢要成为无化石燃料经济的一部分，就有必要开发新的清洁方法来获得这种元素。研究表明，城市固体废物（MSW）的气化可用于此目的。气化是将有机物在高温下通过部分氧化转化为气体混合物（如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氢气、水蒸气等）的过程。城市生活垃圾伊萨有机化合物的主要来源，在合成气生产的背景下，其利用在能源工业中呈现出巨大的潜力。目前，废物在合成气生产中的利用严重不足，需要开发能够利用其潜力的技术。目的：建立气化和热解过程的热化学机理模型。考察了气化/热解反应器模型参数变化对模型的影响，找出了最大化城市固体废弃物产氢的操作参数.动机：由于几个原因，需要进行一项详细调查从城市固体废物生产高氢含量合成气的研究。首先，它将导致创建具有定义的边界约束和操作条件的热解/气化设备的精确模型。然后，这种模型可以用于优化氢气生产过程，最大限度地提高燃料的能量密度。此外，它将有助于开发气化反应器的大规模模型，然后用于工业，并对商业和政治部门有吸引力。最终，更大规模地利用氢作为燃料将减少能源工业对环境的有害影响。方法：描述现有气化/热解反应器的实验数据将从在线来源获得。气化/热解反应器的计算模型将在相关软件中创建，并根据实际情况进行验证。非线性热化学动力学模型将被用来复制现实生活中的条件。描述这些机制的方程将被产生并求解。将产生反应器的CAD模型，并在计算流体动力学软件中模拟其操作。

Background: Decarbonisation of the energy market is one of the biggest challenges of the 21stcentury. It is then crucial to find new energy sources that would both be sustainable and able to meet the power demand of the modern world. Hydrogen has been proposed as a suitable choice for achieving this goal. Currently, hydrogen production is primarily realized with the use of the fossil fuels, through gasification of coal or from steam reforming of natural gas. If hydrogen is going to become a part of fossil fuel-free economy, it is necessary to develop newcleanmethodsof obtaining this element. Research suggests that gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) could be employed for this purpose. Gasification is a process of converting of organic matter into mixture of gases (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapour and others) through partial oxidisation at high temperatures. MSW isa major source of organic compoundsand its utilisation, in the context of syngas production, presents a great potential in the energy industry. Currently,waste is grossly underused in syngasproductionand there is a need for the development of technologies that could exploit its potential. Aim:To develop a model of the thermochemical mechanisms of the gasification and pyrolysis processes. To investigate the effect of the changing parameters onthe model of gasification/pyrolysis reactor model.To find operating parameters that maximisehydrogen production from municipal solid waste. Motivation: A study that investigates in detail the production of high-hydrogen-content syngas from MSW is needed for several reasons. Firstly, it would lead to creating an accurate model of the pyrolysis/gasification plant with defined boundary constraints and operating conditions. Such model can be then utilised in optimising the hydrogen production process, maximising the energy density of the fuel. Furthermore, it would contribute to the development of large scale models of gasification reactors that then are used in industry and are attractive for the commercial and political sectors. Ultimately, utilising hydrogen as a fuel on a larger scale will reduce the harmful effects of the energy industry on the environment. Methodology: Experimental data describing already existing gasification/pyrolysis reactors is going to be accessed from online sources. A computational model of the gasification/pyrolysis reactor is going to be created from in relevant software and verified against real-life case. Non-linear, thermochemical kinetic models are going to be used to replicate real-life conditions. Equations describing those mechanisms are going to be produced and solve. CAD model of the reactor is going to be produced and its operation is going to be simulated in a computational fluid dynamics software.