Development of an X-band Crossed-loop Resonator for Biological EPR

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要- EPR是一种独特的强大和广泛使用的工具，用于解决生物医学问题，从自由基生成到蛋白质结构到体内成像。在商业X波段（8-12 GHz）反射型谐振器中，生物样品的EPR信噪比（S/N）通常很差。先前的工作已经表明，S/N可以通过使用透射或双峰型谐振器来显著改善。这样的谐振器，称为交叉环谐振器（crossed loop resonator，简称cross-loop resonator），已经在3GHz及以下的频率下得到了非常有效的开发和使用，并且已经在9.5GHz（X波段）下构建了原型。根据以往CLR中获得的经验，针对4 mm和3 mm外径的2个版本的X波段CLR将设计和测试与商用EPR光谱仪兼容的样品管。成功的标准将是易于操作，减少脉冲后的死时间，并提高脉冲EPR的信噪比。具体目标是：1。设计与商用EPR谱仪兼容的X波段示波器。2.构建外径为4 mm和3 mm的X波段CLR。样品管。3.测量电气参数并与预测值进行比较。4.在研究和商业实验室中测试CLR之间的权衡。5.推动X波段雷达的商业化。相关性-研究生物系统中的自由基需要商业分光计所不具备的增强技术。X波段交叉环谐振器将扩大自由基的研究范围，促进对蛋白质结构、组织中自由基形成和疾病原因的新认识。该项目的主要目的是将这种新型谐振器的技术从发明它的研究实验室转移到一家小公司，该公司将开发它作为商业产品，以便它可以在许多实验室中使用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary- EPR is a uniquely powerful and widely used tool for solving biomedical problems, from free radical generation to protein structure to in vivo imaging. Too often the EPR signal-to-noise (S/N) is poor for biological samples in commercial X-band (8-12 GHz) reflection type resonators. Previous work has shown that the S/N can be significantly improved by the use of a transmission, or bimodal, type resonator. Such a resonator, called a crossed-loop resonator (CLR), has been developed and used very effectively at frequencies of 3 GHz and below, and prototypes have been constructed at 9.5 GHz (X-band). Using the experience gained in previous CLRs, 2 versions of X band CLRs for 4 mm and 3 mm o.d. sample tubes compatible with commercial EPR spectrometers will be designed and tested. Criteria for success will be ease of operation, reduced dead time after a pulse, and improved signal-to-noise ratio in pulsed EPR. The Specific Aims are: 1. Design an X-band CLR compatible with commercial EPR spectrometers. 2. Build X-band CLRs for 4 mm and 3 mm o.d. sample tubes. 3. Measure the electrical parameters and compare with those predicted. 4. Test trade-offs between the CLRs in research and commercial laboratories. 5. Promote the commercialization of the X-band CLR. Relevance- Study of free radicals in biological systems requires enhanced technology not available in commercial spectrometers. The X-band cross loop resonator will extend the range of studies of free radicals, facilitating new insights into structure of proteins, formation of free radicals in tissues, and the causes of diseases. The major aim of the proposed project is to transfer the technology for this new type resonator from the research lab in which it was invented to a small company that will develop it as a commercial product so that it can be used in many laboratories.