Regulation of craniofacial development by the Dix genes.

在影响颅面组织的最常见和使人衰弱的人类出生缺陷中，有许多候选调节基因在颅面原基中以区域限制性模式表达，在这些基因中有同源盒转录因子，包括Dlx基因家族。在哺乳动物中，有三种A型Dlx基因（2,3,5）和三种B型Dlx基因（1,6,7），这些基因在其中表达我们对小鼠的Dlxl、Dlx2、Dlxl&2和Dlx5基因进行了功能缺失突变，发现这些基因对颌骨和牙齿的正常骨骼形态发生至关重要。Dlx的表达模式与Dlx突变体的形态学缺陷的比较表明，存在一个Dlx组合代码，该组合代码指定了鳃弓、嗅觉和听觉器官的区域形态发生。为了评估Dlx功能的组合模型，我们正在研究Dlx复合突变体的颅面分子和组织模式。我们将研究的细胞和分子机制的Dlx基因调节claniofacial开发网站性能 ======================================== 节结束 ===========================================

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED Among the most common and debilitating human birth defects are those that affect craniofacial tissues The last decade has witnessed the identification of numerous candidate regulatory genes that are expressed in regionally restricted patterns in the craniofacial primordia Among these are homeobox transcription factors that include the Dlx gene family In mammals there are three Type A Dlx genes (2,3,5) and three Type B Dlx genes (1,6,7) These genes are expressed in nested patterns in the primordia of the branchial arches as well as the olfactory and otic appatati We have made loss-of-function mutations of Dlxl, Dlx2, Dlxl&2 and Dlx5 in the mouse and found that these genes are essential for normal skeletal morphogenesis of the jaw apparatus and teeth, as well as the nasal and otic capsules Comparison of the Dlx-expression patterns with the morphological defects seen in the Dlx mutants suggests that there is a Dlx combinatorial code that specifies regional morphogenesis of the branchial arches and olfactory and otic apparati To evaluate our combinatorial model of Dlx function, we are studying craniofacial molecular and tissue patterning in Dlx compound mutants In addition, we will study the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the Dlx genes regulate claniofacial development PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================