Biomedical Imaging

该项目使用成像科学技术来分析许多类型的生物，临床和生物医学图像。目前的研究集中在两个一般领域：（1）使用电子显微镜和NMR光谱的图像处理的大分子结构生物学和（2）生物医学和实验室成像。 (1)成像科学实验室与各研究所开展了一项重大的合作研究工作，涉及在结构生物学中使用图像处理技术和先进的计算技术，以分析电子显微照片和核磁共振光谱，目的是确定大分子结构。近年来的研究主要集中在二十面体病毒衣壳的三维重建、分析和解释上。正在进行的研究涉及与疱疹病毒以及其他二十面体病毒衣壳相关的结构分析。今年，我们确定了疱疹病毒衣壳的绝对手性，并分析了原衣壳到成熟衣壳的形态发生。我们一直在开发生物分子NMR结构测定的计算工具。我们积极支持Xplor-NIH生物分子结构测定计划的校内和校外用户社区。这一方案的进一步发展取得了进展，并继续在以下四个领域提供支持：（a）Python和TCL脚本接口得到了增强;（B）我们增加了方便并行计算的功能，涉及分子结构的集合，适用于包括动力学效应在内的研究;（c）我们扩展了偶极耦合实验的描述，使得取向张量可以沿着原子坐标同时细化;（d）我们成功地演示了一种自动指定NOE光谱的设备。 (2)成像科学实验室致力于为NIH的各种临床和生物医学活动提供计算和工程专业知识。具体来说，PET、超声、CT、MRI、EPR、显微镜检查、癌症研究中的成像以及与神经功能障碍相关的成像已经以多种方式得到支持。为了支持NIH内部计划的科学研究，CIT在开发一个独立于平台的、n维的、通用的、可扩展的图像处理和可视化程序方面取得了重大进展，该程序用JAVA编程语言编写。MIPAV（医学图像处理分析和可视化）应用程序可以对多种模态的医学图像进行定量分析和可视化。它已被用于诊断放射学分析肿瘤，与NIDCR合作协助纵向研究，分析NIMH的MRI图像，并已被NCI用于2D和3D显微镜样品的分析。最近，我们（与NEI合作）将MIPAV改编为外科医生的工具，以帮助评估黄斑变性的治疗方案。

This project uses imaging science techniques to analyze many types of biological, clinical and biomedical images. Current research focuses on two general areas: (1) the structural biology of macromolecules using image processing of electron micrographs and NMR spectroscopy and (2) biomedical and laboratory imaging. (1) The Imaging Sciences Laboratory has a major collaborative research effort with the Institutes involving the use of image processing techniques and advanced computational techniques in structural biology to analyze electron micrographs and NMR spectra with the goal of determining macromolecular structures. Recent efforts have concentrated on the 3D reconstruction, analysis and interpretation of the structures of icosahedral virus capsids. Ongoing research involves analyses of structures related to herpesvirus as well as other icosahedral virus capsids. This year we determined that absolute handedness of herpesvirus capsids and have analyzed the morphogenesis of the procapsid to the mature capsid. We have been developing computational tools for biomolecular NMR structure determination. We are actively supporting the community of intramural and extramural users of the Xplor-NIH biomolecular structure determination program. Further development of this program has progressed support has continued in the following four areas: (a) the Python and TCL scripting interfaces have been enhanced; (b) we have added functionality for convenient parallel computations involving ensembles of molecular structures, appropriate for studies which include dynamical effects; (c) we have extended the descriptions of dipolar coupling experiments such that the orientational tensor can be refined simultaneously, along with atomic coordinates; (d) we have successfully demonstrated a facility for the automatic assignment of NOE spectra. (2) The Imaging Sciences Laboratory has a commitment to providing computational and engineering expertise to a variety of clinical and biomedical activities at NIH. Specifically, PET, ultrasound, CT, MRI, EPR, microscopy, imaging in cancer research, and imaging related to neural disfunction have been supported in a number of ways. To support scientific research in the NIH intramural program, CIT has made significant major progress in the development of a platform-independent, n-dimensional, general-purpose, extensible image processing and visualization program written in the JAVA programming language. The MIPAV (Medical Image Processing Analysis and Visualization) application enables quantitative analysis and visualization of medical images of numerous modalities. It has been used to analyze tumors for Diagnostic Radiology, assisted in longitudinal studies in collaboration with NIDCR, analysis of MRI images for NIMH, and has been used by NCI for the analysis of 2D and 3D microscopic samples. Most recently we have (in collaboration with NEI) adapted MIPAV to be used as a surgeon's tool to assist in the evaluation of a treatment protocol for macular degeneration.