Writing Runes: Determining Functional Variation in Early Runic Inscriptions

从公元2世纪到中世纪，日耳曼语世界的许多地方都在使用符文书写。这项研究项目评估了如何在一个书写在公元400-650年间不太常见的社会实践中确定早期符文书写的功能。虽然该项目主要集中在古代以前的英语铭文(公元400-650年间英国使用的日耳曼语；语料库数量约为25件)，但分析将扩展到欧洲各地所有当代便携式物品上的符文铭文(总计约400件)。这为前古英语铭文提供了更广泛的当代语境。该项目的重点是系统地确定功能，使用历史社会语言学、社会符号学和物质文化研究的方法。然后，分析将被用来创建一个框架，试图回答关键问题：-当跨学科分析应用于北欧文字时，分析得出什么框架，它能告诉我们关于北欧文字功能的什么？-前古英语北欧文字的功能是什么，这种变化在公元400年至公元650年的英国早期北欧文字时期是如何变化的？-与欧洲的南日耳曼、弗里西亚和斯堪的纳维亚语料库的铭文相比，英国早期北欧文字的作用如何？我之前的研究为我提供了语言学理论和历史语言研究等所需技能的基础。我的优秀级硕士学位中有80个学分是运行学，阅读符文(72%)，我的硕士论文是关于英国早期符文铭文(78%)。在攻读硕士期间，我选修了古英语模块，包括古英语的语境化(72%)；提高了我在北欧海盗和盎格鲁-撒克逊研究方法方面的跨学科研究技能(71%)；以及通过地名研究、地名：语言、风景、历史(70%)选修了一门关于语言史的模块。在我的学士学位期间，我还学习了相关的模块：盎格鲁-撒克逊文学(76%)；历史语言学模块，《穿越时间的英语》(72%)；地名模块，英语地名(77%)。2018年，我因地名获得了阿尔弗雷德·奥斯克罗夫特征文奖，2019年，我因攻读硕士学位而获得了克里斯汀·费尔奖学金。诺丁汉英语学院是英国唯一拥有两名活跃跑步者的系，我和他们都有很好的工作关系。有他们作为我的导师意味着我将在我的研究兴趣方面得到很好的定位和支持

Runic writing was a script used in many parts of the Germanic-speaking world from at least the second century AD through to the Middle Ages. This research project assesses how to determine the function of early runic writing in a society where writing was a less common social practice between c.400-650 AD. Though the project is primarily focused on the pre-Old English inscriptions (the Germanic language spoken in Britain c.400-650AD; corpus numbers c.25 items), the analysis will extend to all contemporary runic inscriptions on portable objects across Europe (totalling c.400 items). This provides a wider contemporary context for the pre-Old English inscriptions. The project focuses on determining function in a systematic way using approaches from historical sociolinguistics, social semiotics, and material culture studies. The analysis will then be used to create a framework which will attempt to answer key questions:- When interdisciplinary analysis is applied to runic writing, what framework comes from the analysis and what can it tell us about the function of runic writing?- What are the functions of pre-Old English runic writing and how does this change over the early runic period between c.400 to 650AD in Britain?- How do the early runic inscriptions of Britain function in comparison with the inscriptions of the South Germanic, Frisian and Scandinavia corpora in Europe?My previous studies have given me grounding in skills needed such as linguistic theory and historical language studies. 80 credits of my distinction-level MA degree were in runology, Reading Runes (72%)and my MA thesis on the early runic inscriptions of Britain (78%). During my MA I took modules in Old English including Contextualising Old English (72%); heightened my interdisciplinary research skills in Research Methods in Viking and Anglo-Saxon Studies (71%); and took a module concerning language history through place-names studies, Place-names: language, landscape, history (70%). Throughout my BA I also took relevant modules: The Literature of the Anglo-Saxons (76%); a module in historical linguistics, English Through Time (72%); and a place-names module, English place-names (77%). I was awarded the Alfred Oscroft Essay Prize for place-names in 2018 and received the Christine Fell Scholarship for my MA studies in 2019. The School of English at Nottingham is the only British department with two active runologists, both of whom I have a good working relationship with. Having them as my supervisors means that I will be well placed and supported concerning my research interests