Between welfare and warfare: an International Political Sociology of anti-radicalisation as a technology of government

从日常实践的角度分析安全政治一直是国际关系中的一个关键举措。国际政治社会学/关键安全研究中心的学者详细描述了安全行为者如何推进各种社会问题(移民、恐怖主义)的非自由主义解决方案，并使之合法化。它们展示了军事、情报、警察和边境机构如何通过产生对被构建为普遍存在的不安全感的不安，将其影响力扩展到机构和地理边界之外。然而，我们对后9/11时代的重大转变知之甚少：大量非安全专业人员进入安全实践。自马德里(2004年)和伦敦(2005年)爆炸事件以来，欧盟成员国团结在一起，支持将公共专业人员放在第一线的“社会回应”恐怖主义。人们的共识是：(1)教育、医疗保健、社会工作、警察、监狱和缓刑工作人员已做好准备，能够发现“激进化的迹象”；(2)这需要在社区内部和社区之间建立信任。现有的学术继续将这一活动定为要么直接有助于公共专业人员的工作，要么是一种将他们拉拢为胁迫和压迫做法的机制。重新调整分析的方向，围绕社会不同的“专业领域”的日常做法，我转而将反激进主义分析为一种涉及关怀与控制、信任与怀疑的“政府技术”。

The analysis of security politics from the perspective of everyday practices has been a key move in IR. Scholars at the nexus of International Political Sociology/Critical Security Studies offer detailed accounts of how security actors advance and legitimise illiberal solutions to diverse societal issues (migration, terrorism). They show how military, intelligence, police, and border agencies expand their influence beyond institutional and geographical borders by generating unease about insecurities that are constructed as universal. Yet we know little of the major shift in the post 9/11 era: the mass enrolment of nonsecurity professionals into security practices. Since the bombings in Madrid (2004) and London (2005), EU member states have unified behind a "societal response" to terrorism that places public professionals on the front-line. The consensus is that (1) education, healthcare, social work, police, prison, and probation staff are primed to detect of "signs of radicalisation" and (2) that this requires building trust within and between communities. Existing scholarship continues to frame this activity as either directly conducive to the work of public professionals, or a mechanism of their co-optation into coercive and oppressive practices. Reorienting the analysis around everyday practices in socially differentiated "professional fields," I instead analyse anti-radicalisation as a 'technology of government" involving both care and control, trust and suspicion.