A study of work in relation to refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Ireland

2015年，内政部承诺在北方爱尔兰收容难民，作为叙利亚弱势人员重新安置计划的一部分，这提高了对难民融合的关注。（Garry J，2018）。难民是指因有充分理由担心因种族、国籍、宗教、政治见解或社会团体成员身份而受到迫害而获得内政部许可留在英国的人。他们可以工作，获得福利，并在联合王国各地流动（北方爱尔兰议会，2014年）。与可能不工作的寻求庇护者不同，难民是那些因有充分理由担心因种族、国籍、宗教、政治见解或社会团体成员身份而受到迫害而获得内政部许可留在英国的人。北方爱尔兰行政部门负责实施该计划，并与实施伙伴和组织合作。（UNESCO，2017）北方爱尔兰的分裂可以分为我们，他们和其他。另一种通常是为那些更有可能成为种族主义目标的非本地人保留的。（Malischewski，2013年）1997年《种族关系（北方爱尔兰）法令》是专门针对种族歧视的第一部主要立法。(STEP它禁止在就业、教育、商品、设施和服务方面基于“种族”理由的歧视。最近制定的《种族平等战略》（2015 - 2025年）提供了一个基准，有助于解决不平等问题，并最大限度地增加少数民族提供的机会。该战略的重点是确定和应对不同人群和不同社区的需求，确保这里的每个人都享有人权，北方爱尔兰最近对叙利亚弱势群体重新安置计划的承诺，使人们更加关注难民和寻求庇护者融入社会的问题。难民不属于积分制：移民需要达到特定的技能和经验水平，雇主则承担担保责任。他们可以在英国工作，不受任何限制，与英国的其他雇员一样，受《2010年平等法》和《1998年人权法》的保护（所有议会小组，2017年）难民对劳动力市场缺乏了解，就业途径及其选择，包括职业培训和学徒，可能会限制他们获得有意义就业的机会，这使他们的技能得到最好的利用（苏格兰政府，2018年）一些难民报告说，他们因为身体健康而感到羞耻。难民被剥夺了权力，缺乏挑战的信心，这是将他们排除在有效获得权利之外的关键因素（斯特朗，2018年）。就业能力是融合的手段和标志。权利和公民身份被提议作为阐明（可能相互冲突的）假设和原则的基础，这些假设和原则塑造了政策。(Ager和斯特朗2008）。社会政策，社会公民身份和权力下放之间存在联系（Mulvey 2018）这项研究将解决与北方爱尔兰难民和寻求庇护者有关的工作问题，作为在“多层”政策体系中主张社会权利的一种手段（UNESCO，2017）。它将解决自我代理，同时考虑到北方爱尔兰作为一个“分裂的社会”本身增加的复杂性。（Malischewski，2013）一个“分裂的社会”通过深入了解自我代理。

The commitment from the Home Office in 2015 to host refugees in Northern Ireland as part of the Syrian Vulnerable Person Relocation Scheme has heightened attention towards refugee integration. (Garry J, 2018). Refugees are people who have been granted Home Office permission to stay in the UK on a well-founded fear of persecution due to race, nationality, religion, political opinion or membership of a social group. They can work, access benefits and move around the UK (Northern Ireland Assembly, 2014). In contrast to asylum seekers, who may not work, refugees are people who have been granted Home Office permission to stay in the UK on a well- founded fear of persecution due to race, nationality, religion, political opinion or membership of a social group. The Northern Ireland Executive has responsibility for implementing the scheme and for working with delivery partners and organisations. (UNCHR, 2017)The division in Northern Ireland can be categorised into us, them and other. Other is generally reserved for those who are not local who are more likely to be targets of racism. (Malischewski 2013) The Race Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1997 was the first major piece of legislation specifically to address discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity. (STEP 2010) It prohibits discrimination on 'racial' grounds in employment, education, goods, facilities and services. The most recent Racial Equality Strategy (2015 - 2025) was prepared to provide a benchmark that helps to tackle inequalities and maximise opportunities presented by ethnic minorities. The Strategy focuses on identifying and responding to the needs of different people and different communities and ensuring that everyone here is accorded their human rights.The recent commitment by Northern Ireland to the Syrian Vulnerable Relocation Scheme brings a heightened attention to questions around integration of refugees and asylum seekers in relation to social rights. Refugees are not part of the points-based system: where migrants are required to meet particular skill and experience levels and employers are given sponsorship duties. They are able to work in the UK without any restrictions and, in common with other employees in the UK, are covered by the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998 (All Parliamentary Group, 2017)Refugees' lack of understanding of the labour market, pathways to employment and their options, including vocational training and apprenticeships, can limit their opportunities to gain meaningful employment, which makes best use of their skills (Scottish Government, 2018) Some refugees have reported a sense of shame being on benefits because they are fit and healthy. Refugees became disempowered and have a lack of confidence to challenge and this has been a key factor in excluding them from effective access to rights (Strang 2018). Employability is a means and marker of integration. Rights and citizenship are proposed as a basis for articulating the (potentially conflicting) assumptions and principles that shape policy. (Ager and Strang 2008). There is a link between social policy, social citizenship and devolution (Mulvey 2018) This research will address the question of work in relation to refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Ireland as a means of claiming social rights within a 'multi-tiered' policy system (UNCHR, 2017). It will address self-agency whilst considering the added complexity of Northern Ireland being a 'divided society' itself. (Malischewski, 2013) a 'divided society' through an in-depth understanding of self agency.