"Nay, they will be kin to us, or they will fetch it from Japheth": The production, dissemination and use of royal genealogical chronicles in the first

亨利六世在他漫长的少数统治时期结束时所期望的个人统治似乎从未成为现实。14世纪30年代末和40年代，对和解机构的持续依赖，以及一个强大的家庭派别对国王庇护的明显垄断，表明中央缺乏一位积极和熟练的统治者。事实证明，正是缺乏一个公正和积极主动的中央国王，不利于英国维护其在法国的领土领地，不利于维持当地的秩序，也不利于防止派系统治--所有这些都是导致玫瑰战争的公认原因。战争并不是不可避免的，1437年至1449年期间，人们对亨利六世作为活跃君主的统治能力产生了不同的解读。亨利六世在位期间创作的历史文献为当代人们对王权的理解和期望提供了有趣的见解。金斯福德早在15世纪就恢复了这一流派，展示了它的范围和程度，尽管批评了它的党派性质。这项研究的重点将放在历史文学的一个特殊的子流派上：家谱编年史。虽然不是15世纪的创新，但这个世纪见证了这一体裁向更广泛的消费者受众的发展，这从一组组几乎相同的手稿中幸存下来就可见一斑。100多部起源于圣经的15世纪王室谱系的存续表明了这一流派最初的流行程度，亨利六世时期制作了约40份幸存的手稿。它们的格式--一张复杂的图表，说明了顺序，周围环绕着注释，通常倾向于卷轴形式而不是抄本--意味着与标准文本相比，需要不同的生产过程，因此它们提供了令人兴奋的机会，研究中世纪晚期手稿生产的各种性质。这些编年史中使用的叙事通常是从标准的历史文本中零星复制的，如Polichronica和Prose Brut传统。因此，这个项目将提供一个关于亨利六世时期流行文化、史学以及手稿所有权和使用的有趣案例研究，确定对国家历史的流行解释的变化。研究问题：通过撰写、重写和编辑历史的过程，家谱卷册使用的历史观是如何发展和回应15世纪的政治变化的？这些观点与其他当代历史(即英国布鲁特传统、伦敦编年史、哈丁编年史)中呈现的历史相比如何？研究旨在通过研究诺亚集团手稿中的变体来绘制出一个标准的制作流程。通过库存、遗嘱和销售追踪所有权，编辑《诺亚集团》手稿的实物传记。制作《诺亚》家谱文本的电子版，突出手稿之间的差异。以确定家谱编年史叙述中的变化，并将这些变化与这一时期产生的其他历史著作进行比较(即考察最近可能存在争议的事件，如理查德二世在亨利六世统治下是如何被解释的)。

The expected assumption of personal rule by Henry VI at the end of his long minority never seemingly materialised. The ongoing reliance on conciliar bodies and the apparent monopolising of the king's patronage by a powerful household faction in the late 1430s and 1440s suggests the lack of an active and adept ruler at the centre. It was this lack of an impartial and proactive king at the centre that proved detrimental to England maintaining its territorial possessions in France, to maintaining order in the localities, and to preventing factional dominance - all recognised causes of the resulting Wars of the Roses. The descent to war was not an inevitable one and the period of 1437 to 1449 has produced differing interpretations of Henry VI's capability to rule as an active monarch. The historical literature produced during Henry VI's reign offers an interesting insight into contemporary understanding and expectations of kingship. Kingsford early on rehabilitated the genre in the fifteenth century, demonstrating its range and extent, albeit criticising its partisan nature. The focus of this study would be on a particular sub-genre of historical literature: the genealogical chronicle. While not a fifteenth-century innovation, this century saw the development of the genre towards a wider consumer audience evident in the survival of clear groups of near-identical manuscripts. The survival of over 100 fifteenth-century royal genealogies with Biblical origins suggest the original popularity of the genre, with about 40 surviving manuscripts produced under Henry VI. Their format - a complex diagram illustrating successions surrounded by a commentary, usually favouring roll form over codex - meant a different process of production was required in comparison to standard texts, thus they provide exciting opportunities to study the varied nature of late medieval manuscript production. The narrative used in these chronicles was generally copied piecemeal from standard historical texts, like the Polichronicon and the Prose Brut tradition. This project therefore will provide a fascinating case study into popular culture, historiography, and manuscript ownership and use under Henry VI, identifying changes in popular interpretations of national history.Research Questions How did the historical perspectives employed by genealogical rolls develop and respond to political changes over the fifteenth century, through the process of writing, re-writing, and editing history? How did these perspectives compare with the history presented in other contemporary histories (i.e., the English Brut tradition, the London Chronicles, Hardying's Chronicle)?Research Aims To map out a standard production process through studying variations in the 'Noah group' manuscripts. To compile object biographies of the 'Noah group' manuscripts by tracing ownership through inventories, wills, and sales. To produce a digital edition of the 'Noah' genealogy text that highlights variations between manuscripts. To identify variations in the genealogical chronicle narratives and compare these variations with other historical writing produced in this period (i.e., examining how potentially controversial recent events like the deposition of Richard II were interpreted under Henry VI).