Care in Dispersal: An Ethnography into Community-led Migrant Solidarity Organisations in Glasgow

恶劣的环境、庇护分散和从福利政府撤退形成的英国政策背景，导致越来越多的社区组织介入，为被推出民族国家关怀范围的寻求庇护者和难民提供关怀和支持，并突显了“关怀政治”，这种政治强化了那些有能力关怀的人与那些被认为需要关怀、同情和仁慈的人之间的等级制度和权力关系。我的博士研究调查了格拉斯哥的这种“关怀政治”，格拉斯哥是英国的一个主要疏散地点，充满了英国和苏格兰政府在难民融合方面的不同做法引发的紧张局势。它利用对社区领导的移民团结组织中的人种学实地调查的深入访谈，阐明关怀政治是如何在关怀空间内和通过关怀空间实施的，这些空间如何通过新出现的关系来转变，以及政策背景如何能够融入这些过程。到目前为止，社会学研究已经很好地证明了移民团结组织发挥的综合作用，但这些研究往往缺乏移民的观点和将地方团结置于既定的权力和统治结构中的概念框架。我的研究旨在通过分析人道主义关怀中固有的种族等级和殖民霸权来探索关怀关系，以解决这一差距。这项研究的主要贡献是通过发展对人道主义的后殖民批评，作为检查格拉斯哥移民团结组织的特殊性的一种手段，对批评人道主义进行学术研究，但它也可以通过促进关于建立和维持包容性社区的公共讨论，为关注移民的倡导团体和政策制定者提供信息。

The UK policy context shaped by the hostile environment, asylum dispersal, and retreat from welfare government has led increasing numbers of community organisations to step in to provide care and support for asylum seekers and refugees pushed outside nation-state's ambit of care and highlighted the "politics of care" that reinforce hierarchies and power relations between those who have the power to care and those presented as in need of care, compassion, and benevolence. My doctoral research investigates this "politics of care" in Glasgow which is a major dispersal site in the UK and imbued with tensions arising out of the UK and Scottish Government's diverging approaches in terms of refugee integration. It draws on in-depth interviews with ethnographic fieldwork in community-led migrant solidarity organisations to illuminate how politics of care is enacted in and through spaces of care, how those spaces can be transformed through emergent relationships, and how the policy context can feed into these processes. Sociological studies have so far well-documented the integrative role migrant solidarity organisations play, but these studies were often devoid of migrant perspective and a conceptual framework situating local solidarities within established structures of power and domination. My research aims to address this gap by exploring care relations through an analysis of racial hierarchies and colonial hegemonies inherent in humanitarian care. The main contribution of this study is in scholarship on critical humanitarianism by developing a postcolonial critique of humanitarianism as a means to examine the specificities of migrant solidarity organisations in Glasgow, but, it can also inform migration-focused advocacy groups and policy-makers by promoting public discussion on building and sustaining inclusive communities.