Probiotic Microbes "The Scientific Basis"

描述(申请人提供)：微生物继续对哺乳动物宿主造成急性和慢性问题。这些都是微生物，当给予足够的量时，可能会通过影响宿主及其微生物区系而有益于健康。尽管多年来利用益生菌来管理各种疾病，往往取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但益生菌在改善人类或动物健康方面的有效性仍然存在疑问。其中一些问题可能是由于对这些微生物活动所涉及的机制以及有效生产、管理和评估这些制剂的手段了解不足。美国微生物学会计划于2005年11月4日至6日在宾夕法尼亚州费城召开一场名为“益生菌：科学基础”的座谈会。这场辩论的中心目标是批判性地审查有关益生菌及其使用的一系列问题，以便更充分地实现它们的承诺。这些讨论应该有助于为进一步的研究和行动指明方向，以确定益生菌作为兽医和临床医学中的重要工具的效用。需要考虑的具体议题包括：1.获得正常菌群的后果；2.微生物区系操纵的优点；3.有益宿主-微生物相互作用的机制；4.有益微生物-微生物相互作用的机制；5.评估候选益生菌的系统的可用性；6.影响益生菌开发的监管问题。一个与益生菌有关的科学各个方面的国际专家组将聚集在一起，在鼓励公开和积极讨论的环境和形式下审议每一个议题。审议将构成一份报告的基础，其中将包括对问题的简明描述、图形表示和对未来行动的建议。这项研究与公共卫生的相关性是为了更好地了解益生菌的微生物学，它们的作用机制，优化和评估其有效性的选择，以及集中在产品质量、安全性和有效性方面的监管关切。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Microorganisms continue to cause acute and chronic problems for mammalian hosts. These are microorganisms which when administered in sufficient quantities may benefit health through their influence on the host and its microflora. Although utilized for years to manage a variety of conditions, often with encouraging results, there are still questions concerning the effectiveness of probiotic microbes for improving human or animal health. Some of these questions may be due to an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms involved in the actions of these microbes and the means to effectively produce, administer, and evaluate these agents. The American Academy of Microbiology plans to convene a colloquium on "Probiotic Microbes: The Scientific Basis " November 4-6, 2005 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The central goal of this culloquium is to critically examine a series of questions concerning probiotic microbes and their use so that their promise can be more fully achieved. These discussions should help point the way toward further research and actions to establish the utility of probiotic microbes as an important tool in veterinary and clinical medicine. Specific topics to be considered are: 1. Consequences of Normal Flora Acquistion; 2. Advantages of Microflora Manipulation; 3. Mechanisms for Beneficial Host-Microbe Interactions; 4. Mechanisms for Beneficial Microbe-Microbe Interactions; 5. Availability of Systems to Assess Candidate Probiotic Microbes; 6. Regulatory Issues Impacting Probiotic Development. An international group of experts on the various facets of the science concerning probiotic microbes will gather to consider each of these topics in a setting and format that encourages open and vigorous discussions. The deliberations will form the foundation for a report, that will include a succinct description of the issues, graphical representations,and recommendations for future actions. The relevance of this research to public health is to address a better understanding of the microbiology of probiotic microbes, their mechanisms of action, options for optimizing and evaluating their effectiveness, and regulatory concerns focusing in product quality, safety, and efficacy.