Ethnographic Evaluation of Tobacco Policies in Bars

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究旨在调查在加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县不同的禁止吸烟的酒吧中吸烟的信仰和行为。在研究小组在旧金山酒吧进行的试点研究的基础上，拟议的研究将阐明执法实践的范围以及顾客、调酒师和管理人员对烟草使用、二手烟和州烟草控制政策的规范性理解。拟议研究的总体目标是了解许多独立酒吧如何以及为什么不符合加州AB13，即无烟工作场所法案。拟议的研究设计包括一项为期三年的民族志研究，使用110个半结构化访谈，与顾客，酒吧经理，调酒师和AB 13执法专家进行访谈，以及四波结构化观察，以收集120个酒吧随机样本的定性和定量数据。样本酒吧是从整个阿拉米达县的酒类销售点的地理编码数据中抽取的，包括城市低收入的少数民族社区、富裕的白人郊区以及农村地区。由于阿拉米达县公共卫生部门最近发现，只有53%的独立酒吧符合AB13标准，预计120家独立酒吧的最终样本中，不符合标准的酒吧和符合标准的酒吧的数量大致相等。由于在这些封闭的、通常很小的空间吸烟的根深蒂固的规范，独立的酒吧是公众场所，在这里，顾客和雇员暴露在环境烟草烟雾中的风险最大。这项研究的结果将产生对酒吧顾客和员工吸烟规范范围的理解，以及不遵守禁令的具体理由。它还将分析该县社区内不同的AB13执法策略，以及它们在限制酒吧吸烟方面的相对成功。这些发现为大规模预防工作提供了必要的前提，这些工作与面临接触环境烟草烟雾风险的雇员和顾客有关，包括在有色人种社区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study is designed to investigate beliefs and behavior surrounding tobacco smoking within diverse Alameda County, California bars in which smoking has been banned. Building upon pilot research conducted by the research team in San Francisco bars, the proposed study will explicate the range of enforcement practices and patrons', bartenders', and managers' normative understandings of tobacco use, second-hand smoke, and state tobacco control policies. The overall goal of the proposed study is understanding how and why many stand-alone bars are out of compliance with California AB13, the Smoke-Free Workplace act. The proposed research design consists of a three-year ethnographic study using 110 semi-structured interviews with patrons, bar managers, bartenders and AB 13 enforcement specialists, as well as four waves of structured observations to collect both qualitative and quantitative data in a random sample of 120 bars. The sample bars are drawn from geocoded data on alcohol outlets throughout Alameda County, which includes urban low-income ethnic minority communities and affluent white suburbs as well as rural areas. Because the Alameda County Department of Public Health recently found only 53 percent of stand-alone bars to be in compliance with AB13, the final sample of 120 stand-alone bars is expected to include roughly equal numbers of noncompliant bars and compliant bars. Due to entrenched norms related to smoking in these enclosed, often small, spaces, the stand-alone bar is the public setting in which the population of patrons and employees is at greatest risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. This study's findings will produce understandings of the range of bar patron and employee smoking norms and specific rationales for not complying with the ban. It will also analyze varying AB13 enforcement strategies within the county's communities and their relative success in restricting smoking in bars. These findings constitute a necessary precursor for large-scale preventive efforts with relevance to employees and patrons at risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, including in communities of color.