Green Hydrogen and Offshore Renewable Energy Integration

可再生能源生产的氢气被称为绿色氢气，其生产、储存、分配和转化是帮助经济脱碳的一个迅速崛起的候选者。绿色氢气可作为一种无碳燃料用于内燃机、家庭供暖和氢燃料电池，并有潜力作为能源储存和运输的替代能源载体，从而有助于支持海上可再生能源(ORE)的整合。目前的矿石厂位于相对靠近陆地的浅水区，使用海上电缆和变电站系统来转换产生的电力，将其传输到岸上，并连接到电网。未来的海上风力发电场可能会建在更远的海上和更深的水域，这些地方的电缆及其维护的范围和成本将大幅增加。通过氢气将能源输送到岸上可能成为最具吸引力的选择。与使用电缆传输电子不同，气体管道或液体载体可能是传输最终用作氢气或转化为电能的能量的更具成本效益的方法。PHD的目的是评估绿色氢气能否成为一种具有成本效益的解决方案，以提供足够的灵活性，以支持能源系统中矿石生产的进一步整合。将调查陆上和近海氢气生产，并通过考虑(1)作为存储介质的一体化、(2)能源运输的载体和(3)环境影响来评估氢气在能源系统中的价值。

Hydrogen produced from renewable energy is known as green hydrogen, and its production, storage, distribution and conversion is a rapidly emerging candidate to help decarbonise the economy. Green hydrogen can be used in combustion engines, domestic heating and hydrogen fuel cells as a carbon-free fuel and has potential as an alternative energy vector for storage and transport of energy, thereby helping to support the integration of offshore renewable energy (ORE). Current ORE plants are sited relatively close to land in shallow water and use systems of offshore cables and substations to transform the electricity produced, transmit it to the shore and connect to the grid. Future offshore wind farms are likely to be sited further offshore and in deeper waters, where the extent and cost of the electrical cables and their maintenance will increase significantly. Transporting the energy to shore via hydrogen could become the most attractive option. Instead of using cables to transport electrons, gas pipes or liquid carriers may be more cost effective methods for transporting the energy for eventual use either as hydrogen or conversion to electricity. The aim of the PhD is to assess whether green hydrogen can be a cost-effective solution to deliver sufficient flexibility to support further integration of ORE production in the energy system. Both on-shore and off-shore hydrogen generation will be investigated and the value of hydrogen in the energy system assessed through consideration of (1) integration as a storage medium, (2) vector for transport of the energy and (3) environmental impact.