Lin Xiyi: An Exploration into the Shift of Analysis and Interpretation of the Zhuangzi

这个博士研究项目将考察林希夷（1193-1271）对中国早期思想经典《庄子》的评论。我的目标是探索林语堂的评论如何代表文本分析的关键发展，以及这对评论技巧的启示。主要的研究问题是：（1）宋代兴起的宗教或哲学思潮对林语堂的评点有何影响，这种背景又如何形成林语堂有别于以往评点人的思想？2)林语堂是如何用文学分析来阐释《庄子》的？纵观中国历史，评论一直是读者接触经典的重要特征，也是对西方语言翻译的重要影响。尽管如此，对传统《庄子》评点的研究一直缺乏，尤其是在汉语学界之外。虽然对早期关键训诂学家郭象（253-312）的研究已经取得了很好的进展，但直到近年来，学者们（主要是中国学者）才开始更多地关注林希夷的训诂。大多数研究都集中在新儒家思想的影响（如。刘思和2012），以及在较小程度上，禅宗佛教（孙洪2003）。一篇论文（李建勇2007）将林语堂对《庄子》的文学分析确立为一个重要且有前途的研究领域，而一篇英文论文（Machek 2010）则指出了郭象和林希怡对《庄子》的解释之间的一些区别。在这些研究的基础上，我的研究将探索评论的技巧。我将考察林希怡对关键术语和文本引用的使用，以了解重要的概念和文学影响如何塑造他对《庄子》的解释，以及这些评论如何反映他们所处的时代和文化。通过与早期评论，特别是郭象的评论的对比，我将突出林书豪作品中最具创新性的地方。他对文学分析的扩展使用就是一个很好的例子;我将评估他对这种分析的重视程度，它所采取的形式范围，以及这对他解释文本的影响。研究的主要方法将是对主要文本的密切阅读，特别是庄子和林希夷的评论，以及其他有影响的文本和评论。在分析这些资料时，我会参考西方和东亚的学术研究，并以传统历史的圣经训诂学方法论，来评估林语堂的作品与他的思想世界的对应程度。在这种方法中，概念史方法将特别有助于评估他对关键术语的使用。实施将基于使用我为软件Scrivener开发的系统进行搜索所获得的数据;这使得使用正则表达式在特定的文本语料库中进行高级数字搜索成为可能。林对庄子的文学分析将通过首先识别他的作品中存在的不同形式的分析来探索。参考文学批评将作出有益的相似之处，可以看出，以考虑他的方法和意图的做法。这些将对比历时，与早期的评论，共时，与他的时间的其他评论。使用圣经注释和文学批评的方法是有价值的，作为既定的方法，有效地评估影响和方法的注释。然而，为了避免根据与他的时间和地点无关的标准来看待他的工作，将采取一些谨慎的做法。本研究的目的是从主位的角度来考察林希怡的评论，并将其运用于揭示林希怡作品中的内容，并将其置于林希怡自身的语境中加以理解。

This DPhil research project will examine Lin Xiyi's (1193-1271) commentary to a classic of early Chinese thought, the Zhuangzi. My objective is to explore the ways in which Lin's commentary represents key developments in analysis of the text and what this reveals about the craft of commentary. The main research questions are: 1) in what way is Lin's commentary influenced by the religious or philosophical trends that arose during the Song dynasty and how does this background shape Lin's thought distinctive from previous commentators? 2) How does Lin work with literary analysis to explicate the Zhuangzi?Throughout Chinese history, commentaries have been an essential feature of readers' engagement with the classics and a major influence on Western language translations. Despite this, there has been a lack of research into traditional Zhuangzi commentaries, especially outside of Sinophone academia. While good progress has been made on the key early exegete Guo Xiang (253-312), it is only in recent years that scholars, mostly in China, have begun to pay more attention the exegesis of Lin Xiyi. Most research has focused on the influence of Neo-Confucian thought (eg. Liu Sihe 2012) and, to a lesser extent, that of Chan Buddhism (Sun Hong 2003). One paper (Li Jianyong 2007) establishes Lin's literary analysis of the Zhuangzi as an important and promising area of study, while an English language paper (Machek 2010) notes some distinctions between the interpretations of Guo Xiang and Lin Xiyi.On the basis of these studies, my research will explore the craft of commentary. I will examine Lin Xiyi's use of key terms and textual citations in order to understand how important concepts and literary influences shape his interpretation of the Zhuangzi, and how such commentaries reflect the time and culture in which they are written. Through contrasts with earlier commentaries, especially that of Guo Xiang, I will highlight what is most innovative in Lin's work. His expanded use of literary analysis is a case in point; I will assess the level of prominence he gives to such analysis, the range of forms that it takes, and the impact this has on his interpretation of the text.The main method for research will be a close reading of primary texts, especially the Zhuangzi and Lin Xiyi's commentary, but also other texts and commentaries of influence. Analysis of these materials will draw on Western and East Asian academic studies.In studying the influences on Lin's commentary I will use principles established in the tradition-historical methodology of biblical exegesis to assess the degree to which his work corresponds to pre-existing elements of his intellectual world. Within this methodology, the concept history approach will be particularly relevant for assessing his use of key terms. Implementation will be based on data drawn from searches using a system I have developed for the software Scrivener; this enables the use of Regular Expressions to carry out advanced digital searches within a specific corpus of texts.Lin's literary analysis of the Zhuangzi will be explored by first identifying the different forms of analysis present in his work. Reference to literary criticism will be made where useful parallels can be discerned in order to consider the methods and intentions of his approach. These will then be contrasted diachronically, with earlier commentaries, and synchronically, with other commentaries of his time. The use of methodologies of biblical exegesis and literary criticism are valuable as established approaches, effective in assessing influences and approaches to exegesis. However, some caution will be observed in order to avoid viewing his work according to criteria that are not pertinent to his time and place. The intention of this research is to consider Lin Xiyi's commentary from an emic perspective and such methods will be applied to help reveal what is present in his work, and understand it in the context of his own ti