Children's Dietary Recalls: Methodology and Accuracy

描述（由申请人提供）：国家调查，NIH资助的研究和其他研究通常依赖于儿童提供24小时饮食回忆（24 hDR），但验证研究表明儿童的回忆准确性很差。24 hDR显然涵盖了24小时的摄入量，但目标时间段（即，要报告摄入的时间段）可以是前一天（即，午夜到面试前一天的午夜）或之前的24小时（即，从面试开始前24小时到面试开始时）。面试时间（即，面试发生在一天中的时间）可能是上午、下午或晚上。一般来说，随着事件与其回忆之间的时间流逝，报告准确性下降;因此，事件回忆得越早，报告就越准确。除了一个小的试点项目，没有验证研究已经评估的影响，操纵的目标期和采访时间对儿童的24小时DR的准确性。假设是，可以最大限度地提高准确性，采访儿童的时间尽可能接近他们的每日摄入量的优势，询问他们的24小时之前，采访。本研究的目的是探讨儿童报告准确性与目标期和访谈时间的关系。学校早餐和学校午餐的观察结果将用于验证24小时DR的这些部分。主要目的是确定2个目标时期和3个访谈时间的6种组合中哪一种能从儿童中获得最准确的饮食报告。将观察372名随机选择的四年级男性（M）和女性（F）中的每一个人吃学校早餐和学校午餐，并使用6个访谈协议中的一个进行访谈，每个协议有62名儿童（31名M，31名F）。报告将与观察结果进行比较，并在项目、数量和营养水平上评估准确性。由于观察报告性能的影响将限制的能力，概括的调查结果，未观察到的儿童，次要目的是确定是否观察学校用餐影响饮食报告。每180名随机选择的四年级儿童谁没有观察到吃2个学校餐将接受采访，使用6个采访协议之一，30名儿童（15男，15女）每个协议。将对这180名儿童的报告和为主要目的观察和采访的372名儿童的报告进行关键信息比较。优化儿童报告饮食摄入量的条件可以显著提高儿童的回忆准确性。这个方法学项目的结果可能对未来的全国调查，NIH资助的研究和其他研究中如何从儿童中获得24 hDR产生重大影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): National surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies often rely on children to provide 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDRs), but validation studies show that children's recall accuracy is poor. A 24hDR obviously covers 24 hours of intake, but the target period (i.e., period for which intake is to be reported) may be the previous day (i.e., midnight to midnight of the day before the interview) or the prior 24 hours (i.e., from 24 hours before the beginning of the interview up to when the interview starts). The interview time (i.e., time the interview occurs on a day) maybe morning, afternoon, or evening. In general, as time elapses between an event and its recall, reporting accuracy declines; thus, the sooner an event is recalled, the more accurate the report is. Aside from a small pilot project, no validation study has evaluated the impact of manipulations of target period and interview time on the accuracy of children's 24hDRs. The hypothesis is that accuracy can be maximized by interviewing children as close in time as possible to the preponderance of their daily intake by asking them about the 24 hours immediately preceding the interview. The goal of the 4-year project is to investigate the relationship of reporting accuracy in children to manipulation of target period and interview time. Observations of school breakfast and school lunch will be used to validate these portions of the 24hDRs. The Primary Aim is to determine which of 6 combinations of 2 target periods and 3 interview times elicits the most accurate dietary reports from children. Each of 372 randomly selected 4th-grade males (M) and females (F) will be observed eating school breakfast and school lunch and interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 62 children (31 M, 31 F) per protocol. Reports will be compared to observations, and accuracy will be assessed at the item-, amount-, and nutrient-levels. Because an effect of observation on reporting performance would limit the ability to generalize the findings to unobserved children, the Secondary Aim is to ascertain whether observation of school meals influences dietary reporting. Each of 180 randomly selected 4th-grade children who are not observed eating the 2 school meals will be interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 30 children (15 M, 15 F) per protocol. Key information will be compared between reports from these 180 children and the 372 children observed and interviewed for the Primary Aim. Optimizing the conditions under which children report their dietary intake could meaningfully improve children's recall accuracy. Results from this methodological project could have major implications for how 24hDRs are obtained from children in future national surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies.