Bishops and the English Parliament 1558-1642

在伊丽莎白时代定居后的一个世纪里，主教在英国议会的存在和活动一直是重大争议的主题，最终在1642年通过法规将主教从上议院免职。虽然早期现代主教的牧师角色和教会管辖权最近受到历史学家的关注，但他们的政治和议会角色的性质(以及围绕他们的争议)仍然相对被忽视(在对个别议会的研究之外)。这个博士项目旨在通过对主教在议会中的存在和活动以及从伊丽莎白时代的定居点到1642年他们被驱逐之间的争端进行第一次持续的研究，来纠正这种平衡。该项目将研究主教的一系列议会活动--在委员会、辩论和立法制定中--分析他们如何阻止、修订和发起关于宗教和其他事项的法案，以及在某些情况下，他们如何通过下议院的代理人采取行动，将议会作为政治论坛，为他们喜欢的政策游说。学生还将被鼓励以他们自己特定的兴趣为基础来开发这个项目。一种可能是参与当代关于主教世俗权力的理论争议，这些争议具有重大的宪法影响，并分析这些争议在多大程度上与主教在议会中从事的活动有关，以及这些现象随着时间的推移发生了多大的变化。预计学生在做这个项目时会分析各种幸存的材料。寻找和分析这些材料的指导将由监督小组提供，但也将由议会历史研究所(HOP)提供，其合作是该项目不可或缺的一个特点。学生将有一个独特的机会来发展他们的研究知识和技能，同时与伊丽莎白时代和斯图亚特早期议会的顶尖专家合作和咨询。他们将不仅能够接触到这一无与伦比的专业知识，而且还将能够利用HOP在这一时期工作期间积累的查找辅助工具、文件、复印件和日记记录，以及HOP办公室的货架收藏。学生将与涵盖1558-1603年上议院的新HOP项目密切合作，通过报道主教的议会活动提供直接投入，并协助创建圣公会成员的传记，并为介绍性调查和在线立法数据库提供教会材料。他们还将协助正在进行的创建议会法案数据库1558-1662的工作，并可能帮助建立潜在的项目，以接替另一个HOP项目，下议院1640-1660，该项目将在短期内完成。关于议会历史议会信托历史是英国和爱尔兰历史上最著名和最受尊敬的项目之一，其研究的价值和质量在全国和国际上享有盛誉。它对威斯敏斯特议会议员和议员的传记研究，以及对每个选区的政治和选举的描述，现在对历史学家来说是一种非同寻常的资源，与《牛津国家传记词典》和《英格兰各县维多利亚历史》一样，后者是英国和爱尔兰历史基础设施的重要组成部分。目前已出版的《史记》卷53卷，总字数3000多万字。除了最近出版的所有卷，现在都可以在历史的网站上找到，网址是：www.historyofparmeentonline.org。该项目由议会两院提供资金。它于1940年正式成立，当时是一个信托基金。大多数受托人是一个或另一个议会的成员或官员。还有一个学术顾问委员会，由主要的英国政治和社会历史学家组成。

The presence and activities of bishops in the English Parliament was the subject of major controversy in the century following the Elizabethan settlement, culminating in the removal of bishops from the House of Lords by statute in 1642. While early modern bishops' pastoral roles and ecclesiastical jurisdiction has received more recent attention from historians, the nature of (and disputes over) their political and parliamentary role remains relatively neglected (outside studies of individual parliaments). This PhD project is intended to redress this balance by providing the first sustained study of bishops' presence and activities in Parliament, and the disputes over them, between the Elizabethan settlement and their ejection in 1642. The project will study a range of bishops' parliamentary activities - in committees, debates, and the formulation of legislation - analysing how they blocked, revised and initiated bills on religious and other matters, and how in some cases they acted through surrogates in the Commons to use Parliament as a political forum to lobby for their preferred policies. The student will also be encouraged to look to develop the project in ways that build upon their own specific interests. One possibility might be to engage with contemporary theoretical disputes regarding bishops' secular powers which had major constitutional implications, and to analyse how far these related to the precise activities that bishops pursued in Parliament, and how far these phenomena changed over time. It is expected that the student will analyse a wide range of surviving materials when working on this project. Guidance in locating and analysing this material will be provided by the supervisory team, but also by the History of Parliament (HoP), whose collaboration is an indispensable feature of this project. The student will have a unique opportunity to develop their research knowledge and skills while working and consulting with the foremost experts on Elizabethan and early Stuart parliaments. They will have access not just to this unrivalled expertise, but will also be able to make use of the finding aids, papers, xeroxes and diary transcripts accumulated by HoP during their work on this period, and the shelf collection available at the HoP's offices. The student will work closely with the new HoP project covering The Lords, 1558-1603, providing direct input by covering the parliamentary activities of bishops as well as assisting in the creation of biographies of episcopal members and also ecclesiastical material for the introductory survey and online database of legislation. They will also assist in ongoing work on the creation of a database of parliamentary bills 1558-1662, and may assist with the set-up of potential projects to succeed another HoP project, The Commons 1640-1660, which will be completed shortly.About the History of ParliamentThe History of Parliament Trust is one of the best known and most respected projects in British and Irish history, with a national and international reputation for the value and quality of its research. Its biographical studies of members and peers of the Westminster Parliament, and its accounts of politics and elections in each constituency now amount to an extraordinary resource for historians, along with the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and the Victoria History of the Counties of England a crucial part of the infrastructure for British and Irish history. There are now 53 published volumes of the History, totalling over 30 million words. All but the most recently published volumes are now available through the History's website, at www.historyofparliamentonline.org. The project is funded by both Houses of Parliament. It was formally founded in 1940 as a Trust. Most of the Trustees are members or officers of one or other House of Parliament. There is also an academic advisory board which consists of major historians of British politics and society.