Port wine stain treatment for infants and young children

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在 提供申请人，谁有很强的背景，在经典机械 工程，在新兴领域的知识和经验， 光医学和生物医学光学所需的发射成功， 生物医学工程的独立研究生涯。 拟议的研究 研究脉冲染料激光器发出的黄光的适当使用 与短的冷冻剂喷射相结合， 葡萄酒色斑（PWS）的婴儿和幼儿。PWS是先天性的， 进行性真皮血管畸形，发生在大约 0.7%的儿童（美国约150万人， 全球3200万人）。 不幸的是，两个主要问题阻碍了 使用永久性切除PWS血管所需的高激光剂量 婴幼儿，即：（一）冷冻剂喷雾的效率 冷却（CSC）喷嘴不足以提供必要的表皮 保护;和（B）用CSC和激光剂量治疗所有患者 基于医生的临床判断，不考虑个人 表皮黑色素浓度和PWS深度和厚度的变化。到 针对这些问题，本文提出了四个方面的研究工作：（1）新型制冷剂的设计 雾化喷嘴，以最大限度地提高CSC效率;（2）开发新的热 扩散、光吸收和热组织损伤数值模型， 评估瞬时皮肤温度曲线以及表皮和PWS损伤; (3)优化CSC和激光器参数，以提供更高的能量， PWS，同时保留表皮;和（4）掺入可见的 反射光谱法和脉冲光热辐射测量（PER.） 将PWS患者的测量值转化为数值模型，以预测治疗效果 结果基于现实的临床数据。拟议研究的结果 将大大增强目前的PWS激光治疗，并提供更多的 有效和安全的婴幼儿临床管理方法 孩子 由一个或提供的支持。奖励将为申请人提供 在保护期内进行高质量的研究指导下， 他的导师，同时有充分的机会获得优秀的设施， 贝克曼激光研究所（BLS）和工程学院（SOE） 加州尔湾大学（UCI）。此外，申请人将 通过正式的课程和会议参与接受指导， 获得新的知识，如光在活组织中的传输，以及 发展新的技能，如临床光电应用， 激光设备最终，研究、课程作业和 临床经验，将为申请人提供准备推出 在生物医学工程方面独立和成功的研究生涯。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The present proposal is designed to provide the applicant, who has a strong background in classical mechanical engineering, with knowledge and experience in the emerging fields of photomedicine and biomedical optics required to launch a successful independent research career in biomedical engineering. The proposed studies investigate the appropriate use of yellow light emitted by pulsed dye lasers in combination with short cryogen spurts to improve the therapeutic outcome of port wine stains (PWS) in infants and young children. PWS are a congenital, progressive vascular malformation of the dermis that occurs in approximately 0.7% of children (approximately 1,500,000 individuals in the United States and 32 million people worldwide). unfortunately, two major problems prevent the use of high laser dosages required to permanently remove PWS vessels in infants and young children, namely: (A) the efficiency of cryogen spray cooling (CSC) nozzles is insufficient to provide the necessary epidermal protection; and (B) all patients are treated with CSC and laser light doses based on clinical judgment of the physician, without considering individual variations in epidermal melanin concentration and PWS depth and thickness. To address these problems, four studies are proposed: (1) design of new cryogen atomizing nozzles to maximize CSC efficiency; (2) development of new heat diffusion, light absorption, and thermal tissue damage numerical models to evaluate instantaneous skin temperature profiles and epidermal and PWS damage; (3) optimization of CSC and laser parameters to deliver higher energy to the PWS while preserving the epidermis; and (4) incorporation of visible reflectance spectroscopy (V.S.) and pulsed photothermal radiometry (PER.) measurements on PWS patients into numerical model to predict therapeutic outcome based, on realistic clinical data. The results of the proposed studies will greatly enhance current PWS laser therapy, and provide a much more effective and safer approach to clinical management of infants and young children. The support provided by a OR. award will provide the applicant with the protected period to conduct high-quality research under the guidance of his mentor while having full access to the outstanding facilities available at the Beckman Laser Institute (BLS) and School of Engineering (SOE) at The University of California, Irvine (UCI). Additionally, the applicant will receive instruction through formal coursework and conference participation, acquire new knowledge, such as transport of light in living tissues, and develop new skills, such as the application of clinical optoelectronic and laser equipment. Ultimately, the combination of research, coursework, and clinic experience, will provide the applicant with the preparation to launch an independent and successful research career in biomedical engineering.