Exploring the impact of clusters can have for cluster firm behaviour and innovation capability development

产业集群对经济发展和竞争力的重要性得到了广泛认可（Lucena-Piquero and Vicente, 2019）。波特（1998）将集群描述为地理上邻近的相互联系的企业群体。研究已经确定了广泛的价值集群可以为中小企业和更广泛的区域竞争力（Rocha, 2014； Ketels和Protsiv， 2020）。例如，集群通过溢出效应和最佳实践的扩散促进知识共享（Porter, 2008）。集群还为新产品、服务和公司生产力创造了机会（Fornahl et al. 2020）。尽管有成功的集群活动的例子，如硅谷和巴黎萨克雷；集群的发展和管理需要与特定国家和地区的禀赋、行业优势、需求条件、文化、企业层面的战略和政策支持保持一致（Porter, 2008; Fornahl et al. 2020）。关于如何在具有固有优势和约束的不同区域背景下有效地开发和管理集群，还有很多有待了解的地方（Fromhold-Eisebeth和Eisebeth 2005； Lucena-Piquero和Vicente， 2019）。此外，还需要研究集群与区域内其他协作网络的不同之处和互补之处，以及集群如何融入更广泛的创业生态系统，以增强企业增长和竞争力（Fornahl et al. 2020）。对集群有效性的研究尚无定论，集群通常以工作数量等定量术语进行评估（Aranguren et al. 2014）。对于集群如何对参与集群的企业的行为、战略方向、创新能力和生产率产生长期影响，人们知之甚少（Terstriep和Luthje， 2018）。为了帮助理论发展和更全面地捕捉集群的影响，需要新的视角，本博士将探索使用行为附加性和动态管理能力作为视角来理解集群对集群企业可能产生的影响。2. 本研究的目的是探讨集群对集群企业行为的影响。本研究将从集群企业和集群管理组织两个层面进行探讨。这将提供一层研究，提供对产业集群如何运作以及企业自身如何在微观层面上运作的见解。从探索“集群”概念的角度来看，集群管理层面的见解将是重要的。为了实现这一目标，将探讨以下目的和目标：1)识别和评估目前用于了解产业集群价值的宏观，中观和微观定量和定性测量工具。在宏观层面上，将对产业集群的区域进行审查。中观是产业本身的集群，微观则是个体企业的集群。2)探讨集群管理组织如何促进集群企业之间的知识共享，以促进创新行为和发展。3)分析集群企业可以积累的优势，以及作为集群成员如何影响集群企业的管理能力。4)探讨集群与行为附加性之间的关系，以及它对集群企业和集群的影响。5)提出有利于集群决策者、产业集群及其组成企业的建议

The importance of industry clusters for economic development and competitiveness is widely acknowledged (Lucena-Piquero and Vicente, 2019). Porter (1998) describes a cluster as a geographically proximate group of interconnected firms. Research has identified the wide-ranging value clusters can have for both SMEs and wider regional competitiveness (Rocha, 2014; Ketels and Protsiv, 2020). For example, clusters facilitate the sharing of knowledge via spillovers and diffusion of best practices (Porter, 2008). Clusters also create opportunities for new products, services and company productivity (Fornahl et al. 2020). Despite examples of successful clustering activity e.g. Silicon Valley and Paris-Saclay; the development and management of clusters requires alignment with particular country and regional endowments, sector strengths, demand conditions, culture, firm level strategy and policy supports (Porter, 2008; Fornahl et al. 2020). Much remains to be known on how clusters can be effectively developed and managed across different regional contexts with inherent strengths and constraints (Fromhold-Eisebeth and Eisebeth 2005; Lucena-Piquero and Vicente, 2019). Furthermore, research is needed on how clusters are different from and can complement other collaborative networks within regions and how they can fit within the wider entrepreneurial ecosystems to enhance firm growth and competitiveness (Fornahl et al. 2020). Research on the effectiveness of clusters is inconclusive, where clusters are often evaluated in quantitative terms such as number of jobs (Aranguren et al. 2014). Less is known on how clusters can have a long-lasting impact on the behaviours, strategic direction, innovation capabilities and productivity of firms who take part in a cluster (Terstriep and Luthje, 2018). To aid theory development and to more holistically capture the impact of clusters, new lenses are needed, where this PhD will explore the use of behavioural additionality and dynamic managerial capabilities as lenses to understand the impact clusters may have for cluster firms. 2. The aim of this research is to explore the impact clustering can have for cluster firm behaviour.The research will explore both the cluster firm and cluster management organization levels. This will give a tier of research, offering insights into how the industry clusters operate, and how the firms themselves operate at a micro level. The insights at the cluster management level will be significant from the perspective of exploring the concept of 'clustering'. In order to achieve this, the following aims and objectives will be explored:1) To identify and evaluate the macro, meso and micro quantitative and qualitative measurement tools that are currently being used to understand the value of industry clusters. At a marco level the region of the industry cluster will be reviewed. At meso, the industry cluster itself, and finally micro will be at the individual firm level.2) To explore how cluster management organisations facilitate the sharing of knowledge across clustering firms in order to promote innovative behaviour and development3) To analyse the advantages that firms in a cluster can accumulate and how being a member of a cluster may influence the managerial capabilities of cluster firms.4) To explore the relationship between clustering and behavioural additionality, and what impact it can have for clustering firms and clusters5) To make recommendations which will be of benefit to cluster policy makers, industry clusters and their constituent firms