Secondary flow vortices and their effect on fluid-solid transport

该项目旨在提高对各种应用流场，特别是所谓的“二次流”涡流与固体颗粒相互作用的基本理解。将选择一系列简化的几何形状来研究牛顿流体和复杂流体在存在/不存在涡流的情况下的各种流动条件，以及其在固体床上以受控和系统的方式相互作用。这些知识将被用来更新或生成新的模型，固体的运输，沉降，床形成和再悬浮criterial.Analytical解决方案与牛顿流体在各种几何形状的流动是很容易从许多来源。然而，粘弹性流体就不能这么说了。该项目的一个方面将着眼于开发一系列几何形状的此类流体的分析解决方案，这些几何形状会产生二次流。然后，我们将进一步扩展这些解决方案，在可能的情况下，通过考虑各种流动条件以及这些流场与固体颗粒的相互作用。考虑到有关流体的复杂流变性，再加上固体输送，我们还将考虑几种数值和实验技术，在适当的情况下。我们预计，这将导致具有工业意义的新模型的开发。该项目的另一个方面将侧重于复杂流体流动的T形通道几何形状。虽然牛顿流体是解析解的理想模型，但实际上大多数流体都是非牛顿流体。对于这样的流体，总是存在流动不稳定性的可能性。这些不稳定性的存在使问题更加复杂。考虑到问题的复杂性，我们将采用现有的数值和实验技术。随后，我们将考虑相同的T形通道几何形状与固体床。考虑到具有复杂流体流动的几何形状已经是一个相对复杂的问题，我们计划使用数值模拟和实验的组合来解决这个特定的问题;我们设想这将使我们能够为工业应用开发适当的新模型。为了完整起见，我们还将考虑具有固体床的T形通道的牛顿流体。

This project aims to improve fundamental understanding regarding the interaction of various applied flow fields, and particularly so-called "secondary-flow" vortices, with solid particles. A series of simplified geometries will be chosen to study a wide range of flow conditions for both Newtonian and complex fluids, in the presence/absence of vortices, and its interaction on the solids bed in a controlled and systematic manner. This knowledge will then be used to update or generate new models for the solid's transport, settling, bed formation and resuspension criteria.Analytical solutions concerned with Newtonian fluid flow in various geometries are readily available from many sources. However, the same cannot be said of viscoelastic fluids. One aspect of this project will look at developing analytical solutions for such fluids in a series of geometries that develop secondary flows. We will then further expand these solutions, where possible, by considering various flow conditions as well as the interaction of these flow fields with solid particles. Given the complex rheologies of the fluids concerned, coupled with the addition of solid transport, we will also be considering several numerical and experimental techniques, where appropriate. We anticipate that this will lead to the development of new models of industrial significance. Another aspect of the project will focus on the T-channel geometry for complex fluid flows. Whilst Newtonian fluids are an ideal model for analytical solutions - the reality is that most fluids are non-Newtonian. For such fluids, there is always a possibility of flow instabilities. The very presence of these instabilities adds a further complication to the problem. Given the complexity of the problem, we will employ the use of the numerical and experimental techniques available to us.Subsequently, we will then consider the same T-channel geometry with a solids bed. Given that the geometry with a complex fluid flow is already a relatively intricate problem, we plan to use a combination of numerical simulations and experiments for this particular problem; and we envisage that this will allow us to develop appropriate new models for industrial applications. In the interest of completeness, we will also consider a Newtonian fluid for a T-channel with a solids bed.