Short & Long Term Suicide Risk Factors

描述（由申请人提供）：美国每年有近3万人自杀。自杀是男性的第八大死因，女性的第19大死因。我们对短期（12个月或更短）自杀风险因素的了解大多来自回顾性研究，如心理解剖或死亡率随访项目。关于长期（一年以上）自杀风险因素的前瞻性数据主要来自经过严格挑选的群体，如精神病院住院病人。很少有（如果有的话）基于人群的前瞻性研究提供短期（12个月）和长期（一年或更多年）时间框架内自杀风险因素的信息。此外，很少有（如果有的话）基于人口的数据可以比较自杀与自然原因死亡或事故和他杀等外部因素造成的死亡的风险因素。然而，这些信息对于确定旨在减少自杀的干预措施的目标人群是重要的。拟议的小额赠款项目将对前瞻性数据进行二次分析，以确定(a)在基线后12个月内自杀的“短期”风险因素；(b)基线后一年以上自杀的“长期”风险因素；(c)自然原因和外部因素（例如意外或他杀）死亡的短期风险因素；以及(d)自然原因和外部因素死亡的长期风险因素。这项基于人群的前瞻性研究将利用1986-1994年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS），该调查最近与1986-1997年全国死亡指数相关联。该数据集将从大学间政治和社会研究联盟以及国家卫生统计中心获得。NHIS是由NCHS进行的年度全国家庭访谈（每年的样本量约为10万），提供人口统计、社会经济状况、功能限制、慢性病、残疾程度、医疗保健利用、自我评估的健康状况和其他与健康相关的主题的详细信息。补充访谈提供有关心理健康、残疾和饮酒的数据。该项目将重点关注1986年至1994年期间的调查对象（其中1995人完成了自杀）。生存分析将分别用于估计从旨在减少短期和长期自杀风险因素的干预措施中获得的潜在寿命。这项流行病学研究的结果，将有助于我们更好地了解近端和远端自杀危险因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly 30,000 people complete suicide in the United States every year. Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death for males and the 19th for females. Much of our knowledge about short-term (12 months or less) risk factors for suicide derives from retrospective studies such as psychological autopsies or mortality follow-back projects. Prospective data on long-term (more than one year) suicide risk factors come chiefly from highly selected groups such as psychiatric hospital inpatients. There are few (if any) population-based prospective studies that provide information about risk factors for suicide in both short term (12 months) and long term (one or more years) time frames. Moreover, there are scant (if any) population-based data that allow for comparison of risk factors for suicide versus those for death by natural causes or mortality due to external factors such as accidents and homicide. Yet this information is important in the identification of target populations for interventions designed to reduce suicide. The proposed small grant project will use secondary analysis of prospective data to identify (a) "short term" risk factors for suicide within 12 months of baseline, (b) "long term" risk factors for suicide more than a year after baseline, (c) short term risk factors for death from natural causes and from external factors (such as accidents or homicides), and (d) long term risk factors for death from natural causes and from external factors. This prospective population-based study will make use of the National Health Interview Surveys, 1986-1994 (NHIS) that have recently been linked to the National Death Index, 1986-1997. The data set will be obtained from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NHIS is a yearly nationwide household interview (with annual sample sizes of about a hundred thousand) conducted by the NCHS that provides detailed information on demographics, socio-economic status, functional limitations, chronic conditions, the extent of disability, health care utilization, self- assessed health status, and other health-related topics. Supplemental interviews provide data on mental health, disability, and alcohol consumption. This project will focus on cohorts of respondents from 1986 through 1994 (of whom 1,995 completed suicide). Survival analysis will be used to estimate potential years of life gained from interventions designed to reduce short term and long-term suicide risk factors, respectively. The results of this epidemiologic study, will help us better understand proximal and distal suicide risk factors.