Status & Gender Influences on Perceptions of MR

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的立法确保了各种残疾社会成员的法律和教育权利。这些转变在多大程度上影响了非残疾社会成员的观念和行为尚不清楚。然而，我们所知道的是，一个人在社会、教育和职业环境中发挥作用的能力不仅取决于个人的行为，还取决于他或她被更大的社会看待和对待的方式。因此，探索对残疾人的认知和回应是至关重要的。这个应用程序将探索两个因素，社会心理学家已经证明是社会互动的重要决定因素。一个是“地位”，即一个人的社会地位、地位、支配地位或相对于其他群体成员的权力。第二个是性别和对性别典型行为的坚持。两者都被证明清楚而持续地影响着普通人群的认知和行为。尽管对非残疾人进行了广泛的研究，但当被研究的个体有明显的智力残疾时，人们对地位和/或性别对感知和行为的影响程度几乎一无所知。也许令人惊讶的是，在其他人群中受到如此广泛关注的两个因素在发育障碍领域却基本上被忽视了。是否根据社会地位和典型的性别行为来判断和回应智力障碍的个体？如果是这样，这些人的互动和功能可能会受到影响。该项目有两个具体目标：(a)确定遵守性别典型行为是否会影响非残疾人对智障女性的看法，以及(b)评估性别和被认为的地位在决定对智障女性表现出的行为方面的作用。研究1考察了非残疾成年人如何评价当一个智力迟钝的女性遵循女性典型的语言模式时与不遵循女性典型语言模式时的互动。研究2操纵个体（研究同盟）的感知状态，以探索非残疾成年人对他们认为是智力迟钝的人的行为是否与被认为是同龄人、地位较高的人或地位较低的人的行为不同。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent legislation has ensured legal and educational rights for members of society with a diverse range of disabilities. The extent to which these shifts have affected perceptions and behavior by non-disabled members of society is not yet clear. What is known, however, is that an individual's ability to function in social, educational, and vocational environments is dependent not just on the behavior of that individual, but also on the ways in which he or she is perceived and treated by the larger society. Thus, exploring perceptions of and responses to individuals with disabilities is essential. This application will explore two factors that social psychologists have demonstrated to be important determinants of social interactions. One is "status," that is, a person's social standing, rank position, dominance, or power relative to other group members. The second is gender and adherence to gender-typical behavior. Both have been shown to clearly and consistently affect perceptions and behavior in the general population. Despite extensive research with non-disabled people, virtually nothing is known about the extent to which status and/or gender affect perceptions and behaviors when the individuals under consideration have a manifest intellectual disability. It is perhaps surprising that two factors that have received such widespread attention in other populations have been largely ignored in the area of developmental disabilities. Are individuals with intellectual impairments judged and responded to along the dimensions of status and gender-typical behavior? If so, the ability of such people to interact and function may be affected. This project has two specific aims: (a) to identify whether adherence to gender-typical behavior influences perceptions of females with intellectual disabilities by non-disabled individuals, and (b) to evaluate the role of gender and perceived status in determining behavior exhibited towards females with intellectual disabilities. Study 1 examines how non-disabled adults rate interactions when a female with mental retardation adheres to female-typical speech patterns as compared to when she does not. Study 2 manipulates the perceived status of an individual (a research confederate) to explore whether non-disabled adults behave differently toward someone they expect has mental retardation than someone considered to be a peer, someone of higher status, or someone of lower status.