3Ds of Dark Patterns

“黑暗模式”一词最早是由用户体验设计师Harry Brigull在2010年首创的。暗模式是一种用户界面，它是由UI/UX设计者特别设计的，用来诱骗在线用户进行无意的操作。有不同类别的黑暗模式，例如，诱饵和切换：当用户落入虚假价格，最终购买价格更高的产品；蟑螂汽车旅馆：当用户可以很容易地进入某些服务，但极难退出，如删除账户或取消订阅；确认羞耻：让用户对选择某种东西感到内疚。这些不同类别的黑色图案在不同的网站上被用于不同的目的。哈里·布里格诺在十多年前就发现了这些黑色图案。然而，这些天来它们仍然很普遍，这是一个有待解决的公开研究挑战。有几个关键问题仍然没有答案：暗图案的区别特征是什么，也就是说，是什么让暗图案变得“暗”。因此，提取这样的特征来有效地定义、区分和检测暗模式是至关重要的。本研究的重点是暗纹的3DS。

The term "Dark Pattern" was first coined by a user experience designer Harry Brignull in 2010. The dark pattern is a type of user interface which is especially crafted by UI/UX designers to trick online users to do unintended actions. There are different categories of dark patterns, for example, bait-and-switch: when a user falls for false prices and ends up buying products with higher prices; roach motel: when a user can easily get into certain services, but it is extremely difficult to get out, such as, account deletion or subscription cancellation; confirmshaming: making user guilty about opting for something. These different categories of dark patterns are used on various websites for different purposes.Harry Brignull identified the dark patterns more than a decade ago. However, they are still prevalent these days and an open research challenge yet to be solved. Several key questions remain unanswered: what are the distinguishing characteristics of dark patterns, i.e., what makes a dark pattern "dark". Thus, it is essential to extract such characteristics which would define, differentiate, and detect the dark patterns effectively. The focus of this research, the 3Ds of Dark Patterns.