What controls where life can form and evolve in the Universe?

目前的行星形成模式是基于孤立的系统;附近的恒星被认为对行星的形成和演化几乎没有影响。然而，去年发现，外部恒星环境对行星系统的形成和演化有着重大影响（Winter et al.，2020，Nature，586，528）。Winter等人的发现对行星演化模型以及我们可能期望在宇宙中找到生命的地方具有根本性的影响。这个博士项目旨在量化环境对行星形成和演化的影响。Winter等人的论文集中在少量的星星和行星属性（主要是质量和轨道周期）上，因此这种方法还需要探索巨大的参数空间。本论文将开始研究其他关键参数，如恒星质量，如何影响行星形成的环境函数。下一步将是分析手头的阿尔马和JWST在极端环境中对原恒星和原行星系统的观测，以量化出生环境如何影响星星容纳可居住行星的潜力。最后，论文将探讨恒星族群对行星演化模型的影响。通过在星星和行星形成的计算模拟中加入恒星种群，目标将是确定外部环境对行星结构的影响。

The current paradigm of planet formation has been based on isolated systems; nearby stars were thought to have little impact on planet formation and evolution. However, last year it was discovered that external stellar environments have a significant impact on the formation and evolution of planetary systems (Winter et al., 2020, Nature, 586, 528). Winter et al.'s findings have fundamental implications on planetary evolution models and where we may expect to find life in the Universe. This PhD project aims to quantify the effect of environment on planet formation and evolution.The Winter et al. paper focused on a small number of star and planet properties (mainly mass and orbital period), so a huge parameter space is yet to be explored with this method. The thesis will begin by investigating how other key parameters, such as stellar mass, affect planet formation as a function of environment. The next step will be to analyse in-hand ALMA and JWST observations of proto-stellar and proto-planetary systems in extreme environments to quantify how the birth environment affects a star's potential to host habitable planets. Finally, the thesis will explore the effect of stellar populations on planetary evolution models. By adding stellar populations to computational simulations of star and planet formation, the goal will be to determine the implications of external environment on planetary architecture.