Race, Space, and Working-Class Community in North West England, 1968-1993.

我的博士论文将分析英格兰西北部工人阶级日常生活中种族、阶级和空间的交集，扩展我在20世纪50年代和60年代的硕士研究。这篇论文将调查从1968年伊诺克·鲍威尔的“血河”演讲到1993年斯蒂芬·劳伦斯被谋杀之间，战后英国的街道、家庭、工作场所、学校和休闲场所这五个空间是如何被种族化的。这个时间框架将把人们熟悉的重点延伸到1948- 1968年这一时期，在三个背景下描绘英国黑人身份的发展：20世纪70年代和80年代的“道德恐慌”，多元文化主义的兴起，以及赫尔姆等地区的城市复兴项目。论文将主要集中在曼彻斯特，但也将探索更广泛的西北英格兰。该地区受到学者们的关注不如伦敦和米德兰兹的“种族关系之都”（康奈尔）。我的论文不仅将把以前的研究扩展到未被开发的地区，而且将注意力从激进主义转移到日常生活的微观政治上。我的研究将扩展沃特斯和康奈尔等历史学家最近的研究成果，他们试图通过分析阻碍和禁止这种主张的策略，恢复黑人对特定地点的主张。我将在这篇学术论文中运用“黑人”的广泛定义，探索非洲、加勒比和亚洲传统社区，承认“黑人英国人”身份的多元性。本文将利用空间作为其核心分析工具，以使社区的静态叙述复杂化，并突出不同地点种族观念的矛盾心理。我将探讨种族关系的三个尚未被充分探讨的关键方面。首先，个人和集体身份是如何在特定空间中形成的？第二，对种族差异和熟悉程度的集体理解如何影响归属感的概念？最后，在不同的空间中，归属的界限是如何界定的？我将采用多琳·梅西（Doreen Massey）的定义，强调空间的多维性和流动性，个人和社区竞相维护自己的权威。

My doctoral thesis will analyse the intersection of race, class, and space in the everyday life of the working classes in North West England, extending my MA research on the 1950s and 60s. The thesis will investigate how five spaces - the street, home, workplace, school, and leisure sites - were racialised in post-war England between Enoch Powell's 'Rivers of Blood' speech in 1968 and the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993. This time-frame will extend the familiar emphasis on the period from 1948-68 to chart the development of a Black-British identity in three contexts: the 'moral panics' of the 1970s and 80s, the rise of multiculturalism, and urban regeneration projects in areas such as Hulme.The thesis will primarily focus on Manchester, but will also explore North West England more broadly. The region has received less attention from scholars than the 'race relations capitals' (Connell) of London and the Midlands. My thesis will not only extend previous research into underexplored locations, but also shift attention from radical activism to the micropolitics of everyday life. My research will extend recent scholarship by historians such as Waters and Connell which seeks to recover black agency in staking claims to specific locales, by also analysing the strategies deployed to obstruct and prohibit such claims. I will deploy the expansive definition of 'blackness' in this scholarship and explore communities of African, Caribbean, and Asian heritage, acknowledging the pluralities of a 'Black-British' identity.The thesis will deploy space as its central analytic tool in order to complicate static narratives of community and highlight the ambivalence of ideas of race across different sites. I will explore three key, yet underexplored, dimensions of race relations. First, how were individual and collective identities formed in specific spaces? Secondly, how did collective understandings of difference and familiarity in regard to race influence notions of belonging? Finally, how were the boundaries of belonging policed in different spaces? I will adopt Doreen Massey's definition which stresses the multidimensionality and fluidity of space, with individuals and communities competing to assert their authority.