Children's Dietary Recalls: Methodology and Accuracy

描述(由申请人提供)：国家调查、NIH资助的研究和其他研究经常依赖儿童提供24小时饮食回忆(24hDR)，但验证性研究表明，儿童的回忆准确性很差。24hDR显然包括24小时的摄入量，但目标时段(即报告摄入量的时段)可以是前一天(即面试前一天的午夜到午夜)或之前的24小时(即从面试开始前24小时到面试开始时)。面试时间(即面试当天的时间)可以是上午、下午或晚上。一般来说，随着事件和召回之间经过一段时间，报告的准确性会下降；因此，事件被召回得越早，报告就越准确。除了一个小的试点项目，没有一项验证性研究评估了目标时间段和面谈时间的操纵对儿童24小时DR准确性的影响。这个假设是，通过询问儿童在采访前24小时的情况，尽可能接近他们每日摄入量的优势，采访儿童可以最大限度地提高准确性。这项为期4年的项目的目标是调查儿童报告准确性与目标时间和访谈时间操纵的关系。对学校早餐和学校午餐的观察将被用来验证24小时DR的这些部分。主要目的是确定2个目标期和3个访谈时间的6种组合中哪一种能引起儿童最准确的饮食报告。随机抽取372名四年级男生(男)和女(女)，每个人都被观察吃学校早餐和学校午餐，并使用6个访谈方案中的一个进行采访，每个方案有62名儿童(男31人，女31人)。报告将与观察结果进行比较，准确性将在项目、数量和营养水平上进行评估。由于观察对报告表现的影响将限制将研究结果推广到未被观察的儿童的能力，次要目标是确定观察学校膳食是否会影响饮食报告。随机挑选的180名四年级儿童中的每一名都将接受6种采访方案中的1种，每种方案30名儿童(男15人，女15人)，他们没有被观察到吃学校的两顿饭。关键信息将在这180名儿童的报告和为主要目标而观察和采访的372名儿童之间进行比较。优化儿童报告饮食摄入量的条件可以显著提高儿童回忆的准确性。这一方法学项目的结果可能对在未来的国家调查、NIH资助的研究和其他研究中如何从儿童身上获得24hDR具有重大影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): National surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies often rely on children to provide 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDRs), but validation studies show that children's recall accuracy is poor. A 24hDR obviously covers 24 hours of intake, but the target period (i.e., period for which intake is to be reported) may be the previous day (i.e., midnight to midnight of the day before the interview) or the prior 24 hours (i.e., from 24 hours before the beginning of the interview up to when the interview starts). The interview time (i.e., time the interview occurs on a day) maybe morning, afternoon, or evening. In general, as time elapses between an event and its recall, reporting accuracy declines; thus, the sooner an event is recalled, the more accurate the report is. Aside from a small pilot project, no validation study has evaluated the impact of manipulations of target period and interview time on the accuracy of children's 24hDRs. The hypothesis is that accuracy can be maximized by interviewing children as close in time as possible to the preponderance of their daily intake by asking them about the 24 hours immediately preceding the interview. The goal of the 4-year project is to investigate the relationship of reporting accuracy in children to manipulation of target period and interview time. Observations of school breakfast and school lunch will be used to validate these portions of the 24hDRs. The Primary Aim is to determine which of 6 combinations of 2 target periods and 3 interview times elicits the most accurate dietary reports from children. Each of 372 randomly selected 4th-grade males (M) and females (F) will be observed eating school breakfast and school lunch and interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 62 children (31 M, 31 F) per protocol. Reports will be compared to observations, and accuracy will be assessed at the item-, amount-, and nutrient-levels. Because an effect of observation on reporting performance would limit the ability to generalize the findings to unobserved children, the Secondary Aim is to ascertain whether observation of school meals influences dietary reporting. Each of 180 randomly selected 4th-grade children who are not observed eating the 2 school meals will be interviewed using 1 of the 6 interview protocols, with 30 children (15 M, 15 F) per protocol. Key information will be compared between reports from these 180 children and the 372 children observed and interviewed for the Primary Aim. Optimizing the conditions under which children report their dietary intake could meaningfully improve children's recall accuracy. Results from this methodological project could have major implications for how 24hDRs are obtained from children in future national surveys, NIH-funded studies, and other studies.