Reducing snack food variety during obesity treatment

描述（由申请人提供）：美国肥胖症患病率的上升被认为是由于暴露于不利环境因素的增加，例如食物份量和饮食种类的增加。虽然减少份量是减肥计划中使用的一种策略，但研究还没有研究减少饮食多样性的影响。横断面研究表明，种类和体重之间存在正相关关系，在我们自己的研究中，我们已经表明，摄入不同零食（如饼干、薯片）的数量越少，总体热量和脂肪摄入量就会减少得越多，体重也会减轻得越多。限制品种可能会通过长期的感官特异性饱腹感和/或单调感来减少摄入量。减少饮食多样性是一种新颖的饮食方法，具有改善长期减肥的潜力，但尚未在肥胖研究中作为临床策略进行研究。本申请的目的是进行一项随机对照试验，对行为减肥干预进行限制，食用不同零食的数量。200名超重和肥胖的参与者将被随机分配到标准行为干预组（standard）或标准行为干预组（Limited Variety），这些标准行为干预组也限制了不同零食的摄入量。这两种情况都将接受18个月的标准行为干预，使用行为技术（即自我监控）来改变饮食行为。在有限种类条件下，参与者在整个干预过程中也将零食的种类限制为只有两种选择的零食。在0、6、12和18个月时测量体重、零食消费和享乐以及饮食满意度。该调查将确定：1)在18个月时，有限品种条件是否比标准条件产生更大的体重减轻；2)如果“有限种类”条件比“标准”条件消耗更少的零食份量和卡路里；3)限制零食种类是否会产生长期的感官特异性饱腹感和/或单调感。相关：实验研究表明，限制饮食的多样性会大大减少摄入量。到目前为止，还没有任何一种饮食处方被测试过，可以利用多样性对摄入量的影响来维持。这将是第一次研究控制饮食多样性的方法，这些方法可以长期坚持，并影响摄入、体重减轻和体重减轻的维持。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The rising prevalence of obesity in the United States is believed to be due to increased exposure to adverse environmental factors, such as food portion sizes and increased dietary variety. Although decreasing portion sizes is a strategy used in weight loss programs, research has not studied the effects of decreasing dietary variety. Cross-sectional studies show a positive association between variety and body weight and in our own studies we have shown that greater reductions in the number of different snack foods (i.e. cookies, chips) consumed predicted greater decreases in overall caloric and fat intake and greater weight loss. Limiting variety may reduce intake through long-term sensory-specific satiety and/or monotony. Reducing dietary variety is a novel dietary approach with the potential to improve long-term weight loss, which has not been studied as a clinical strategy in obesity research. The objective of this application is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral weight loss intervention limiting the number of different snack foods consumed. Two hundred overweight and obese participants will be randomized to a standard behavioral intervention (Standard) or to a standard behavioral intervention that also limits the number of different snack foods consumed (Limited Variety). Both conditions will receive an 18-month standard behavioral intervention, using behavioral techniques (i.e., self-monitoring) to change eating behaviors. Participants in the Limited Variety condition will also limit variety in snack foods to only two chosen snack foods throughout the intervention. Measures of weight, snack food consumption and hedonics, and diet satisfaction will be taken at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. This investigation will determine: 1) if the Limited Variety condition produces greater weight loss than the Standard condition at 18 months; 2) if the Limited Variety condition consumes fewer servings and calories from snack foods than the Standard condition; and 3) if limiting snack food variety produces long-term sensory-specific satiety and/or monotony. Relevance: Experimental studies show that limiting dietary variety profoundly reduces intake. To date, there is no dietary prescription that has been tested that capitalizes on the effect of variety on intake that can be maintained. This will be the first investigation to examine methods of manipulating dietary variety that can be adhered to over time and that influence intake, weight loss, and weight loss maintenance.