Nucleoside Transporters: Pharmacology of hENT3 and hCNT3

描述（由申请方提供）：质膜核苷转运蛋白在将核苷药物转运到靶细胞中的过程中非常重要，在靶细胞中核苷药物被代谢并产生细胞毒性。核苷类药物在临床上用于治疗癌症（例如，白血病中的Ara C）和病毒性疾病（如艾滋病中的AZT）。多核苷转运蛋白已被克隆，并分为钠依赖性浓缩核苷转运蛋白（CNT）和钠非依赖性平衡核苷转运蛋白（ENT）。CNT和ENT之间没有同源性。本实验室克隆了ENT基因家族的新成员--人ENT 3和CNT基因家族的新成员--人CNT 3。hCNT 3在Cos 7 L细胞中的瞬时表达证实了hCNT 3是一种广泛选择性的核苷转运蛋白。对于hENT 3，免疫定位研究表明hENT 3是高尔基体核苷转运蛋白。hENT 3在含有功能性质膜核苷转运蛋白的PS120成纤维细胞中的表达赋予细胞对核苷药物的细胞毒性的抗性，但不对核碱基药物的细胞毒性的抗性。因此，我们假设hENT 3的过度表达导致耐药性，而质膜核苷转运蛋白（hENT 1，hENT 2或hCNT 1 -3）的过度表达导致药物敏感性增加。在本申请中，我们提出表征hENT 3（Aim 1）和hCNT 3（Aim 2）的动力学和药理学性质。战略方法包括细胞生物学（免疫定位和核苷转运蛋白抗体的产生）、生物化学（膜分离和重建）、分子生物学（靶向标签和定点诱变）、生理学（内源性核苷转运系统的表征）和药理学（耐药性和核苷药物转运）。我们研究的一个长期目标是利用分子水平上核苷转运的知识来促进核苷类似物药物的设计，用于治疗各种病毒、寄生虫和肿瘤疾病以及作为心血管保护剂。hENT 3作为高尔基体核苷转运蛋白的鉴定为研究耐药的分子机制开辟了新的途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasma membrane nucleoside transporters are important in transporting nucleoside drugs into their target cells where they are metabolized and become cytotoxic. Nucleoside drugs are clinically used in the treatment of cancer (eg. Ara C in leukemia) and viral diseases (eg AZT in AIDS). Multiple nucleoside transporters have been cloned and are divided into Na-dependent Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (CNTs) and Na-independent Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (ENTs). There is no homology between CNTs and ENTs. Our laboratory has cloned a new member of ENT gene family, human ENT3, and a new member of CNT gene family, human CNT3. Transient expression of hCNT3 in Cos7L cells confirms that hCNT3 is a broadly selective nucleoside transporter. For hENT3, immunolocalization studies show that hENT3 is a Golgi nucleoside transporter. Expression of hENT3 in PS120 fibroblasts containing functional plasma membrane nucleoside transporters, confers the cells resistant to the cytotoxicity of nucleoside drugs but not to the cytotoxicity of nucleobase drugs. Thus, we hypothesize that overexpression of hENT3 accounts for drug resistance, while overexpression of plasma membrane nucleoside transporter (hENT1, hENT2 or hCNT1-3) accounts for increase in drug sensitivity. In this application, we propose to characterize the kinetic and pharmacological properties of hENT3 (Aim1) and hCNT3 (Aim2). Strategic approaches include cell biology (immunolocalization and production of nucleoside transporter antibodies), biochemistry (membrane fractionation and reconstitution), molecular biology (targeting tag and site-directed mutagenesis), physiology (characterization of endogenous nucleoside transport systems) and pharmacology (drug resistance and nucleoside drug transport). A long-term goal of our studies is to use the knowledge of nucleoside transport at the molecular level to facilitate the design of nucleoside analogue drugs for the treatment of various viral, parasitic, and neoplastic diseases and as cardiovascular protective agents. The identification of hENT3 as a Golgi nucleoside transporter opens a new venue for studying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance.