Rising Broadband Exposure: Differential Effects on Labour Market Outcomes

从学术和政策的角度来看，宽带业务对劳动力市场结果的影响都很重要。从学术角度来看，理解数字化的影响面临着重大的数据限制。因此，许多关于工资的经验证据都集中在制造业，如Acemoglu&Restrepo(2020)和Graetz&Michaels(2018)。这并没有让我们完全了解数字化的影响。宽带影响着劳动力市场的每一个部门，也影响着几个经济成果。因此，它可以提供数字化影响的更全面的图景。这对工资的影响仍不清楚(Genz，Janser&Lehmer，2019)，结果往往是模棱两可的。此外，关于劳动力中的某些群体如何受到正在进行的数字化的影响，文献也尚未找到明确的答案(Frey&Osborne，2017)。从政策的角度来看，宽带接入具有显著改变劳动力市场机会和劳动力人口结构的潜力，但经验证据有限(德特林，2013；Autor，2001；Genz，Janser&Lehmer，2019)。宽带接入的潜在影响是巨大的。例如，它可以直接影响就业机会，有助于促进工作与家庭的平衡(德特林，2013年)，并促进找工作(Bhuller等人，2019年)。了解工资和其他结果方面的不同影响对于政策制定者保护工人至关重要(Acemoglu&Restrepo，2020)。此外，更好地了解劳动力人口结构的变化可能会为未来劳动力市场趋势提供重要的洞察(Walwei，2016)。通过研究宽带敞口对挪威劳动力市场的影响，我旨在回答以下研究问题：RQ1：劳动力市场不同部门增加宽带敞口对工资的影响是什么？RQ2：正在进行的数字化虽然增加了宽带曝光率，但对工作场所的人口统计有何影响？在不同的群体中是否存在异质性影响？

The effect of broadband exposure on labour market outcomes is important from both an academic and policy perspective. From an academic perspective, understanding the impacts of digitalisation faces significant data limitations. As a result, much of the empirical evidence on wages is focused within the manufacturing sector such as Acemoglu & Restrepo (2020) and Graetz & Michaels (2018). This does not provide us with a complete understanding of the effects of digitalisation. Broadband affects every sector of the labour market, and several economic outcomes. Therefore it can provide a fuller picture of the impacts of digitalisation. The effect on wages remains unclear (Genz, Janser & Lehmer, 2019) with results often being ambiguous. Further, the literature has also yet to find clear answers on how certain groups within the labour force are affected by ongoing digitalisation (Frey & Osborne, 2017).From a policy perspective, broadband access has the potential to significantly change labour market opportunities and the demography of the workforce yet there is limited empirical evidence (Dettling, 2013; Autor, 2001; Genz, Janser & Lehmer, 2019). The potential effects of broadband access are vast. For example, it can directly impact job opportunities, help facilitate work-family balance (Dettling, 2013) and facilitate job searching (Bhuller et al., 2019). Understanding the differential effects in terms of wages and other outcomes is crucial for policymakers to protect workers (Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2020). Further, developing a greater understanding of how the demography of the labour force changes may provide important insight into future labour market trends (Walwei, 2016). By studying the effects of broadband exposure on the Norwegian Labour Market, I aim to address the following research questions:RQ1: What is the effect of increased broadband exposure to wages across different sectors of the labour market? RQ2: How does ongoing digitalisation, though increasing broadband exposure, affect workplace demographics? Is there a heterogenous impact across different groups?