Understanding ADHD in Low-Income Latino Children.

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数关于注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的研究都是以生活在郊区的白色中产阶级男孩为样本组进行的。很少有与ADHD相关的研究是在拉丁裔儿童中进行的，尽管拉丁裔很快就会成为这个国家最大的少数民族群体。研究需要确定文化敏感，有效的，临床上有用的方法来诊断ADHD和评估临床特征，如损伤水平和合并症模式之间的拉丁美洲儿童。专门开发的理论框架，以考虑到独特的文化，历史和社会经济特点，大多数拉丁美洲人在这个国家将大大促进研究拉丁美洲儿童多动症。本研究的主要目的是：（1）确定DSM-IV的最佳症状数（美国精神病学协会，1994年），需要在一个样本中的拉丁美洲和白色儿童生活在低收入的城市环境ADHD的诊断;（2）以确定最佳的截止分数为拉丁美洲和白色儿童ADHD的评定量表IV;（3）确定生活在低收入城市环境中的拉丁裔和白色儿童在ADHD的共同模式方面是否存在差异，（ADHD/COM）;（4）探讨家庭主义与（一种文化价值观，涉及对核心家庭和大家庭成员的强烈认同和依恋），拉丁裔儿童的文化适应和损伤程度。为了测试目标（1）至（4），将对100名教师推荐的6至13岁的拉丁裔儿童和100名教师推荐的白色儿童进行评估，这些儿童就读于以拉丁裔和白色学生为主的低收入地区的7所公立学校。我未来五年的目标是进行独立研究，调查拉丁裔儿童和家庭应对ADHD的诊断和临床问题。为了让我在这些领域变得精通，我的导师和我制定了一个教育计划，有四个具体目标：1。要成为精通了解拉丁美洲家庭应对ADHD的独特需求; 2。发展拉丁裔儿童ADHD评估的知识和实践技能; 3.了解拉丁裔ADHD儿童的共病障碍; 4.更精通研究设计和统计。此外，我将接受负责任地进行研究的培训。为了确保这一研究项目的各个方面都响应的价值观和拉丁美洲家庭的需求，我将组装一个利益相关者群体组成的拉丁裔父母，专业人士，和准专业人士从当地拉丁裔社区。完成拟议的研究和教育计划将使我成为一名熟练的独立研究人员，并为目前服务不足的ADHD儿童和家庭制定基于经验的，文化敏感的评估和干预程序。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been conducted with sample groups of white, middle class boys living in suburban settings. Very few studies related to ADHD have been conducted with Latino children despite the fact that Latinos will soon be the largest ethnic minority group in this country. Research is needed to identify culturally sensitive, valid, and clinically useful methods for diagnosing ADHD and for assessing clinical characteristics such as impairment level and comorbidity patterns among Latino children. Theoretical frameworks specifically developed to take into account the unique cultural, historical, and socio-economic characteristics of most Latinos in this country would greatly facilitate research on Latino children with ADHD. The research aims of this project are (1) to determine the optimum number of symptoms from the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) needed for the diagnosis of ADHD in a sample of Latino and White children living in low income urban settings; (2) to determine the optimal cut off scores for Latino and White children with ADHD on the ADHD Rating Scale IV; (3) to determine whether Latino and White children living in low-income urban settings differ in comorbidity patterns for ADHD, Combined Type (ADHD/COM); (4) to explore the relationship between familism (a cultural value that involves strong identification with and attachment to members of nuclear and extended families), acculturation and level of impairment and comorbidity among Latino children. To test Aims (1) through (4), 100 teacher-referred Latino children, and 100 teacher-referred White children between the ages of 6 and 13 attending seven public schools in a low income area with predominantly Latino and White student population will be assessed. My goal for the next five years is to conduct independent research to investigate diagnostic and clinical issues arising in Latino children and families coping with ADHD. In order for me to become proficient in these areas, my mentors and I have developed an educational plan with four specific aims: 1. To become proficient in understanding the unique needs of Latino families coping with ADHD; 2. To develop knowledge and practical skills in the assessment of ADHD among Latino children; 3. To become knowledgeable about comorbid disorders among Latino children with ADHD; 4. To become more proficient in research design and statistics. In addition, I will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. In order to insure that all aspects of this research project are responsive to the values and needs of Latino families, I will assemble a stakeholder group composed of Latino parents, professionals, and paraprofessionals from the local Latino community. The completion of the proposed research and educational plans will enable me to become a skilled independent researcher and to develop empirically based, culturally sensitive assessment and intervention procedures for what is currently an under-served segment of children and families coping with ADHD.