Volcanism, Sedimentation, and Hydrothermal activity in Santorini, Greece

火山弧对社会的影响非常重要，因为它们通常人口稠密，因此风险很高（Sigurdsson, 2015）。圣托里尼被认为是世界上最猛烈和最著名的火山之一（Varnavas和Papavasiliou， 2020）。它是爱琴海希腊火山弧最活跃的热液中心。弧的中部和东部以具有破火山口结构的大型层状火山（圣托里尼）为特征，而西部主要是小型的单一喷发中心。俯冲和伸展都发生在弧中，相关的火山活动被认为是由爱琴海微板块下非洲岩石圈的俯冲造成的（Varnavas和Papavasiliou， 2020）。虽然活动被认为开始于上新世晚期，但大部分是第四纪（Druitt et al., 1999）。圣托里尼岛的火山口结构是由多次崩塌事件形成的，其中一次是公元前1650年著名的米诺斯火山喷发，那次喷发给邻近的土地覆盖了厚厚的火山灰，并引发了海啸。两个火山岛Palea Kameni和Nea Kameni （Kameni群岛）在公元前197年至公元1950年之间逐渐形成于火山口中部（Tarchini et al., 2019）。圣托里尼岩浆的范围从玄武岩到流纹岩，岩浆混合的证据很常见，就像许多弧岩浆系统的情况一样（Druitt et al., 2019）。

Volcanic arcs are very important in terms of their impact on society since they are usually densely populated and thus pose a high risk (Sigurdsson, 2015). Santorini is considered one of the most violent and famous volcanoes in the world (Varnavas and Papavasiliou, 2020). It is the most active hydrothermal centre of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc in the Aegean Sea. The central and eastern sectors of the arc are characterized by large stratovolcanoes with caldera structures (Santorini) whilst the western part has mainly small, monogenic eruptive centres. Both subduction and extension occurs in the arc whereby the associated volcanism is thought to result from the subduction of the African lithosphere beneath the Aegean microplate (Varnavas and Papavasiliou, 2020). Though activity is considered to have begun in the late Pliocene, most of it is Quaternary (Druitt et al., 1999).Santorini has a caldera structure created by multiple collapse events, one of which is the famous so-called Minoan eruption of ca. 1650 BCE, which covered neighbouring lands with thick tephra and caused tsunamis. Two volcanic islets, Palea Kameni and Nea Kameni (the Kameni Islands), were progressively formed in the middle of the caldera between 197 BCE and 1950 CE (Tarchini et al., 2019). Santorini magmas range from basaltic to rhyolitic and evidence of magma mixing is common, as [is the case(?)] for many arc magma systems (Druitt et al., 2019).