The depredation process: Quantifying the mechanisms leading to carnivores encountering, attacking, and killing livestock

在全球大多数陆生食肉动物的范围内，由于肉食动物对牲畜的致命攻击，即所谓的家畜掠夺，经常发生与人类的冲突。这可能会导致受影响的牲畜所有者报复性地杀害食肉动物，从而不仅导致牧区社区的经济损失，而且还会导致食肉动物的迅速减少。人与食肉动物冲突的全球热点发生在撒哈拉以南非洲，那里的牧民的经济损失和食肉动物的下降尤其令人担忧。事实上，最近的一项研究估计，在狮子(Panthera Leo)的范围内，掠夺一头小牛犊将平均损失年人均收入的59%。此外，IUCN对狮子、豹(Panthera Pardus)、条纹鬣狗(Hyaena Hyaena)、棕色鬣狗(Parahyaena Brunnea)和非洲野狗(Lycaon Pictus)的最新评估都表明，下降的主要原因之一是与人类冲突造成的直接杀戮。

Throughout the global range of most terrestrial carnivores, conflict commonly occurs with humans due to lethal attacks of livestock, known as livestock depredation, by carnivores. This can result in retaliatory killings of carnivores by affected livestock owners, thus leading not only to economic loss among pastoral communities, but also to rapid carnivore declines. Global hotspots of human-carnivore conflict occur in Sub-Saharan Africa, where financial loss for pastoralists and carnivore declines are of particular concern. Indeed, a recent study estimated that across the range of the lion (Panthera leo), the depredation of a single cattle calf would represent an average loss of 59% of annual per capita income. Moreover, the most recent IUCN assessments for the lion, the leopard (Panthera pardus), the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), the brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), and the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) all state that one of the primary causes of decline is direct killing due to conflict with humans.