Modelling an Occupation: Exploring Points of Contact Between Authorities and Islanders on the Nazi-Occupied Channel Islands

“这些是德国人的命令，不是我的，所以你可以在上面签字，盖上德国国防军的印章……我会确保它们得到遵守的。”(Hathaway，1961，第146页)。这些话是第二次世界大战期间最小的英吉利海峡岛萨克的领导人西比尔·海瑟薇夫人说的，表明了历史学家在与德国占领者打交道时交替解读为抵抗或被动合作。虽然这个博士项目将研究1940-1945年间纳粹占领英吉利海峡群岛期间的抵抗和合作实例，但它将取代这些还原类别来研究海瑟薇在这句话中体现的内容：控制岛屿的不同力量之间的接触点，这是论文首次从英国和德国的角度考虑的。在此期间，群岛上有三支主要力量：德国当局，既有驻扎在那里的当局，也有从柏林发出命令的当局；岛屿当局，这些当局本身在泽西岛、根西岛和萨克岛的主要岛屿上也有不同；以及岛民本身。此外，还必须考虑英国当局的远方监视，对岛上当局和岛上居民施加心理压力。该项目将评估岛屿上不同形式的权力和管辖权之间的复杂和模棱两可的时刻和接触点，以分析这些冲突和谈判如何影响占领性质和普通岛民的生活。通过关注平凡和特殊，本文超越了现有的历史学中的二分法，通过对经济、社会和政治接触点的考察，特别关注被忽视的社会历史，即普通平民感受到的占领下的生活现实。重点放在两个时间段：占领时期，以及在博物馆、流行文化和历史学中对这一时期的现代纪念。这个项目对接触点的强调将在这样的纪念活动中引入对机构和受害者的简化表示的细微差别。这一点尤其重要，因为关于这一主题的传统史学陷入了对立阵营。首先，广泛涉及英国大陆和欧洲的媒体指责并谴责这些岛屿“被认为是‘容易’的、相互协作的占领。”这一方法由马德琳·邦廷等历史学家推广，他倡导了合作模式的想法

'These are German orders and not mine, so you can sign them and affix the Wehrmacht stamp... I will see that they are obeyed' (Hathaway, 1961, p. 146). These words, spoken by Dame Sibyl Hathaway, the leader of Sark, the smallest Channel Island, during the Second World War, demonstrate what has been read alternately as resistance or passive collaboration by historians in her dealings with the German occupiers. Whilst this PhD project will examine instances of resistance and collaboration during the Nazi occupation of the Channel Islands between 1940-1945, it will supersede these reductive categories to examine what Hathaway embodied in this quote: the points of contact between different forces controlling the Islands, considered in the thesis for the first time from both British and German perspectives. During this period, there were three primary forces on the Islands: German authorities, both those stationed there and those sending commands from Berlin; island authorities, which themselves differed across the main islands of Jersey, Guernsey, and Sark; and islanders themselves. Adding to this, one must also consider the British authorities watching from afar, exerting psychological pressure on island authorities and islanders. This project will assess the complex and ambiguous moments and points of contact between different forms of authority and jurisdiction on the Islands to analyse how these conflicts and negotiations affected the nature of occupation and the lives of ordinary islanders. By being concerned with the mundane as well as the exceptional, the thesis goes beyond the existing dichotomies in the historiography through examination of the economic, social, and political points of contact, with particular focus on the somewhat neglected social history, that is, the realities of life under occupation felt by ordinary civilians.The focus is on two time periods: the period of occupation but also modern-day memorialisations of this period on the Islands, in museums, popular culture and in historiography. This project's emphasis on points of contact will introduce nuance to the reductive representations of agency and victimhood in such memorialisations. This is especially important since traditional historiography on this topic falls into oppositional camps. The first, broadly of mainland Britain and Europe, accuses and condemns the Islands' supposed 'easy' and collaborative occupation. This approach was popularised by historians such as Madeleine Bunting who promoted the idea of a collaborative 'model