Pain Assessment and Clinical Decision Making

描述（由申请人提供）：疼痛仍然是一种被误解和误治的急慢性疾病症状。超过80%的疼痛患者疼痛缓解不足，很大程度上是由于过度保守的药物治疗（WHO, 1986）。这种过于保守的做法可能是由于卫生保健提供者对疼痛及其治疗的知识不足和态度不当造成的。先前的实验室和临床研究表明性别对疼痛评估的重要性（Robinson & Wise，出版中）。本研究旨在探讨性别和性别刻板印象对护士疼痛评估和治疗策略的影响。拟议的研究将通过采用透镜模型设计来改进过去的研究。该设计将包括病例小图和“患者”的视频静止帧的组合，将沿着两个维度进行评级：(1)疼痛，(2)实施特定疼痛管理实践的可能性。性别刻板印象态度也将通过疼痛等级和干预认可来评估和分析，以确定其对评估和决策的影响。这项研究将对临床实践产生明确的影响，并可能导致更多关于性别差异和疼痛患者治疗实践的协调教育工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pain remains a misunderstood and mistreated symptom of acute and chronic illness. More than 80% of pain sufferers receive insufficient pain relief, largely due to excessively conservative pharmacological treatment (WHO, 1986). This overly conservative approach likely results from inadequate knowledge and inappropriate attitudes on the part of health care providers about pain and its treatment. Previous laboratory and clinical studies suggest the importance of sex on pain assessments (Robinson & Wise, in press). This proposal aims to explore the influence of sex and gender stereotypes on pain assessments and treatment strategies in a heterogeneous sample of nurses. The proposed study will improve upon past investigations by employing a lens model design. This design will include a combination of case vignettes and video still frames of "patients" that will be rated along two dimensions: (1) pain, and (2) likelihood of implementing specific pain management practices. Gender stereotype attitudes will also be assessed and analyzed with pain ratings and intervention endorsements to determine their impact on assessments and decision-making. This study will have clear implications for clinical practice and may lead to more concerted education efforts regarding gender differences and treatment practices in pain patients.