Examining the role of sport and physical activity in supporting the early desistance transitions of formerly incarcerated people

停止犯罪与支持犯罪后维持无犯罪生活的潜在过程有关(Kay，2016)。它被认为不仅涉及到犯罪的终止，而且还涉及到某种程度的自我认同和自我价值的转变，通常通过一种“变化的叙事”(GaddandFarrall，2004)呈现出来，这与不再与犯罪相关的新角色和责任(如员工、教练)的挪用和积累有关。然而，对于许多最近从监狱获释的人来说，转变和发展亲社会角色的途径很难获得，他们来自社会排斥的背景，比例不成比例。鉴于48%的成年人在获释后一年内被再次定罪(PRT，2019：3)，至关重要的是要更多地关注如何促进这一群体的早期停刑过渡。这项拟议的工作旨在调查可如何利用体育和体育活动方案支持释放后释囚的初步缓刑努力，并以下列目标为指导：1.了解释囚在释放后维持早期缓刑努力的方式。为了解监狱体育和体力活动方案在支持社区释囚最初停止服刑方面的作用，拟议的研究将审查一项此类监狱体育和体力活动方案，该方案为获释后的参与者提供额外的支持。双胞胎项目(https://www.twinningproject.co.uk))是一项国家倡议，它将英超和足球联赛俱乐部与当地监狱“结成姐妹”，为被监禁的罪犯提供教练和教育服务，并着眼于提高他们在获释后的就业能力。该项目由David Dein(前英足总副主席)设计，并得到了司法部长、议员Matt Hancock、前司法部长Robert Buckland QC和司法部其他高级成员的支持。这项研究将采用定性方法，包括参与者观察和对双胞胎项目参与者在狱中和获释后的叙述性访谈。这项研究将跟踪两组12名囚犯参与者，通过他们在监狱中参与的双胞胎项目课程，以及他们进入社区的过程。将从位于中部地区的两个参与俱乐部/监狱中确定队列，总共有多达24名囚犯被选中参与这项工作。此外，将与教授课程的教练和在社区工作的俱乐部的实践者进行面谈。参与的扶轮社/监狱将从那些提供在拟议工作开始前已成功交付超过12个月并在与伙伴组织和医疗保健计划讨论的情况下成功交付的成熟方案的俱乐部/监狱中抽取。拟议的工作将是第一次一起审查运动和体力活动的跨学科领域以及最初的停职过渡，因此，将为我们对这两个领域的理解做出重大贡献。它将使人们更好地了解如何在释放后管理戒毒工作，以及如何利用体育和体力活动来支持社区的康复工作。在增加现有知识库的同时，预计该项目将确定最佳做法，使伙伴组织和那些在监管环境中从事运动和体力活动的人受益。

Desistance from crime relates to the underlying processes which support the maintenance of a crime free life after a period of offending (Kay, 2016). It is thought to involve not only the termination of offending, but also some level of transformation of self-identity and self-worth, usually presented through a "narrative of change" (Gadd and Farrall, 2004), which is linked to the appropriation and accumulation of new roles and responsibilities (e.g. employee, coach) that are no longer associated with offending. Avenues for transformation and pro-social role development, however, are difficult to come by for many of those recently released from prison, who are disproportionately drawn from socially excluded backgrounds. Given that 48% of adults are reconvicted of within one year of release (PRT, 2019:3), it is vital that more attention is given to ways in which early desistance transitions can be facilitated for this population. The proposed work aims to investigate the ways in which sport and physical activity programmes can be used to support the initial desistance efforts of former prisoners' post-release, and is guided by the following objectives:1. To understand the ways in which early desistance efforts are maintained by ex-prisoners, post-release2. To understand how useful prison-based sport and physical activity programmes are in supporting the initial desistance efforts of ex-prisoners in the community To address these issues, the proposed study will examine one such prison-based sport and physical activity programme which offers additional support to participants post-release. The Twinning Project (https://www.twinningproject.co.uk) is a national initiative which "twins" Premier League and Football League clubs with local prisons to offer coaching and education provisions to incarcerated offenders with the longer-term aspiration to enhance their employability post-release. The project was devised by David Dein (former vice chairman of the FA), and has received support from the Justice Secretary, Matt Hancock MP, former Justice Secretaries Robert Buckland QC, and other senior members of the Ministry of Justice. The study will adopt a qualitative methodology, consisting of participant observation and narrative interviews with participants in Twinning Project programmes whilst in prison and after release. The study will follow two cohorts of 12 prisoner participants through their involvement in the Twinning Project course both in prison and as they progress "through the gate" into the community. Cohorts will be identified from two participating clubs/prisons located in the Midlands with up to 24 prisoners in total being selected for involvement in the work. In addition, interviews will be conducted with coaches delivering the course and practitioners from the clubs working in the community. Participating clubs/prisons will be drawn from those delivering well-established programmes that have been successfully delivered for over 12 months before commencement of the proposed work and in discussion with the partner organisation and HMPPS. The proposed work would be the first of its kind to examine the interdisciplinary fields of sport and physical activity and initial desistance transitions together and, as such, will provide a significant contribution to our understanding of both fields. It will allow for an improved understanding of the ways in which desistance efforts are managed post-release, but also how sport and physical activity can be used to support rehabilitative efforts in the community. While adding to the available knowledge base, it is expected that the project will identify best practice which will benefit the partner organisation and those undertaking sport and physical activity in custodial settings.