Discourses of Addiction: A Cognitive Stylistic Examination

众所周知，成瘾是最普遍的污名化疾病。虽然有大量的工作围绕着成瘾问题的人所面临的耻辱（艾弗里和艾弗里2019; Thorbrun 2005;迪恩和鲁德1984）;迄今为止，除了我自己，没有关于成瘾的认知语言学研究（约翰逊2020）。本研究将以三部分个案研究的形式，探讨成瘾的话语，因为它体现在：1）。非法毒品;2.）处方药;以及，3.）赌博。虽然这些概念是相关的，但它们的表现方式有很大的差异，这有助于理解它们的“安全”程度以及从事这些做法的人面临的耻辱。这些迭代将为我提供一个理想的组合，以探索文献中突出的关键主题，并从我的早期工作中产生，包括dis-empowerment，合法性，责备和责任。成瘾论述揭示了非法麻醉品、处方药和赌博的概念化？2.文化、法律和大众媒体在人们如何定义不同形式的成瘾方面发挥了什么作用？3.这些概念对预防、干预和治疗有何影响？数据收集将分为两个阶段：1。收集政府的关键文件，包括最近围绕非法麻醉品、处方药和赌博的议会报告2。一个匿名的在线调查，针对那些谁有至少一个提到的成瘾的经验。第一阶段将帮助我获得对这些流行的成瘾，以及在多大程度上，如果有的话，他们被视为一个“问题”的官方态度的感觉。基于明显的概念化，我将生成一个针对有这些成瘾经验的人的匿名调查。我选择了针对这些人，因为他们是一个高影响力的群体，他们的声音往往被忽视。调查将采用比较问卷的形式，考察大众媒体对这三种成瘾的描述以及参与者对这些描述的反应，并运用Lakoff &约翰逊（1980）的概念隐喻理论对数据进行分析。CMT将帮助我理解参与者对成瘾概念的心理表征，而他们的概念框架和映射理论将帮助我解释我如何理解参与者的语言作为特定概念化的证据。我希望CMT在这些数据集上的应用不仅能让隐喻研究和认知科学的世界大开眼界，也能让成瘾研究和实践大开眼界。CMT从未提出我们生活的隐喻是不可改变的;因此，如果我们花时间找出哪些概念化是潜在有害的，我们将能够向政府官员和医疗保健专业人员反映这一点，希望提高人们对文化的危险的认识，合法性，以及大众媒体如何理解成瘾。

Addiction is known to be the most prevalent stigmatised illness. Whilst there is a body of work surrounding the stigmas that people with addiction problems face (Avery & Avery 2019; Thorbrun 2005; Dean & Rud 1984); there has to date, been no cognitive linguistic research on addiction, except my own (Johnson 2020). Taking the form of a three-part case study, this project will examine the discourse ofaddiction as it manifests in relation to:1.) Illegal narcotics;2.) Prescription medications; and,3.) Gambling.Although these concepts are related, there are substantial differences in how they are represented and this contributes to how 'safe' they are understood to be and how much stigma those who engage in these practices face. These iterations will offer me an ideal combination to explore key themes highlighted by the literature and arising from my earlier work, including dis/empowerment, legitimacy, blame, and responsibility.This project will use a cognitive linguistic approach to answer the research questions:1. What do discourses of addiction reveal about conceptualisations of illegal narcotics, prescription medications and gambling?2. What role does culture, legality and popular media play in how people conceptualise different forms of addiction?3. What are the consequences of these conceptualisations for prevention, intervention and treatment?The data collection will be structured into two phrases:1.) Collection of key government refined documents, including recent parliamentary reports centred around illegal narcotics, prescription medications and gambling2.) An anonymous online survey targeted at those who have experiences of at least one of the three mentioned addictions.Phase one will assist me in acquiring a sense of official attitudes towards these prevalent addictions and to what extent, if any, they are treated as a 'problem'. Based on the conceptualisations evident, I will generate an anonymous survey targeted at people who have experience of one of these addictions. I have chosen to target these individuals as they are a high impact group whose voices often go unheard. The survey will be a comparative questionnaire that will look at popular media representations of all three types of addictions and participants' responses to these.Lakoff & Johnson's (1980) theory of Conceptual Metaphor will be used to analyse the data. CMT will help me to understand participants' mental representations of the concept of addiction, whilst their theory of conceptual frames and mappings will assist me in explaining how I understand participants' language as evidence for particular conceptualisations. I hope that the application of CMT to datasets such as thesewill serve as an eye-opener not just in the worlds of metaphor studies and cognitive science, but also addiction research and practice. CMT has never proposed that the metaphors we live by are unchangeable; therefore if we spend the time needed to find out which conceptualisations are potentially harmful, we will be in a position to echo this to government officials and healthcare professionals in the hope of raising awareness of the dangers that culture, legality, and popular media can have in how addiction is framed and understood.