Transnational filmmaking and national identity in contemporary Cuban cinema (2000-2020)

自1959年以来，古巴电影就与古巴革命密不可分。然而，革命和古巴电影产生的历史条件已经在许多方面发生了变化。古巴社会最近的社会变化对新一代古巴电影人产生了重大影响。他们受益于一种新的环境，其特点是有更多的机会获得新技术，在岛上出现了新的独立生产公司以及新的政治和社会环境。在电影生态系统中，我们在一定程度上见证了古巴艺术与工业研究所Cinematográficos （ICAIC）的衰落，该研究所曾经制作过一些非常重要的电影，如《苏代萨罗罗纪念》（1968）和《露西亚》（1968），这些电影是与电影文化有关的大陆运动的更广泛推动力的一部分。相比之下，古巴正试图使自己融入全球化世界的动态。这种新形势使古巴的文化体系更加复杂。按照社会主义的创作模式，电影人曾经只需要与古巴的政治和文化精英以及岛上的观众就现实的表现进行谈判，而现在他们更直接地与其他国家的实体和观众接触。在这种新的关系体系中，国家继续发挥根本作用，它首先涉及民族认同和民族电影的概念问题，其次涉及古巴将在一个高度相互依赖和相互联系的世界中发挥的作用。

Since 1959, Cuban cinema has been inextricably tied to the Cuban revolution. Yet the historical conditions out of which both the revolution and the Cuban cinema emerged have been transformed in many ways.The recent social changes in Cuban society have made a significant impact on a new generation of Cuban filmmakers. They have benefited from a new context, characterized by greater access to new technologies, the emergence on the island of new independent production companies and a new political and social landscape. Within the film ecosystem, we have witnessed to some extent the decline of the Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC), once a producer of films of great importance such as Memorias del Subdesarrollo (1968) and Lucia (1968) that were part of a wider impulseof continental movements in relation to film culture. By contrast, Cuba is trying to insert itself in the dynamics of a globalized world. This new situation adds layers of complexity to the Cuban cultural system. Where once filmmakers only had to negotiate the representation of reality with Cuban political and cultural elites and audiences on the island, according to a socialist model of creation, they are now more directly engaged with entities and audiences in another countries. This new system of relations, in which the state continues to play a fundamental role, brings into play, firstly, issues of national identity and the idea of national cinema, and secondly, the role that Cuba would come to play in a world of great interdependencies and interconnections.