Militarized national development in Brazil: origins and civil-militaryimplications of the Brazilian military's central role in domesticdevelopment act

在巴西，国家一再求助于军方来处理国内社会经济性质的危机，使其在关键的国家政策问题上拥有越来越大的影响力，包括在国家发展问题上。然而，将军队的责任扩大为国家发展的支持作用，对军民关系和决策有着不同的影响，因为它既涉及安全战略，也涉及发展战略。因此，本研究项目旨在调查军方参与巴西国内发展活动的性质，解释军方突出参与这一领域的历史渊源和演变，并评估其对军民关系和国内对发展的理解的影响。通过开发跨学科分析模型，审查历史变化过程，确定这一现象、国内军民关系和对发展的概念思考之间的直接和间接因果关系，该项目将对现有文献中缺失的对军事介入巴西政治的跨学科全面理解作出必要的贡献。我们希望这项研究得出的结论能够帮助推动巴西的系统性变革，提高公众的认识，同时丰富其他国家的分析方法，以应对军事政治越权的问题。

In Brazil, the state has repeatedly turned to the military to handle domestic crises of socio-economic nature, granting it increasing influence over key national policy questions, including in matters of national development. Expanding the military's responsibilities into a supporting role for national development, however, holds diverse implications for civil-military relations and policy-making as it relates to both security and development strategies. Therefore, this research project aims to investigate the nature of military involvement in domestic development activities in Brazil, explain the historical origins and evolutions of the military's prominent involvement in this field, and assess its implications for civil-military relations and domestic understandings of development. Through the development of an interdisciplinary analytical model, examining historical processes of change and identifying direct and indirect causal relations between this phenomenon, domestic civil-military relations and conceptual thinking about development, this project would thus represent a necessary contribution to the production of a comprehensive interdisciplinary understanding of military involvement in Brazilian politics missing from the existing literature. We hope that the conclusions drawn from the research can help activate systemic change and raise public awareness in Brazil, while enriching analytical approaches to other countriesexperiencing military political overreach.