Expanding Inclusion Through Co-Creating Public Broadcasting Digital Media Platforms with Community Groups

英国和世界各地的许多公共广播公司都有为公众服务的正式承诺。这些责任可以在英国广播公司和英国广播公司的章程中列出，也可以通过英国通信办公室等外部监管机构强制执行。然而，目前的媒体并没有覆盖到所有受众，公平提供公共媒体仍然是英国广播公司作为世界上雇员人数最多的广播公司面临的挑战。由于BBC制作了一系列媒体，以满足其“信息、教育和娱乐”的使命，减少参与度可能意味着失去的不仅是专注于娱乐的内容，还包括教育内容。因此，增加服务不足人群的参与度是可取的。公共服务媒体如果能够提供有价值的内容，就有可能丰富个人的生活，但前提是公共广播公司能够接触到他们并让他们参与进来。在英格兰东北部，英格兰的就业率和经济生产率低于平均水平，而贫困家庭的免费学校餐率高于平均水平。然而，个人可能会通过第三部门组织获得支持，例如以地方为基础的社区团体。对于可能在新冠肺炎疫情影响后苦苦挣扎的社区团体来说，外部支持可能有助于加强他们的纽带和培养韧性。除了对观众的潜在好处外，与服务不足的人建立联系还将有助于BBC的创造性使命，即“反映、代表和服务于英国所有国家和地区的不同社区，并支持创意经济”。数字技术服务可以帮助BBC服务于社区群体并根据他们的需求定制内容。鉴于以上讨论，本研究将调查数字BBC服务在支持地方性社区群体方面所起的作用，并将致力于回答以下问题和子问题：1.像BBC这样的公共服务广播机构如何服务于地方性社区群体的需求？社区希望与BBC建立什么样的关系？1.2.我们如何确保数字公共媒体的未来是包容的？数字技术如何支持社区与公共服务媒体的接触？这项研究将采用以人为中心的设计方法，因为被剥夺公民权的社区群体中的个人可能由于其被剥夺公民权的性质而得不到适当的代表，因此他们的经历是研究的关键部分。由于现有的研究发现，具有个性化的数字媒体服务可以被积极地看待，但也被视为一种恼人的东西，并被视为与自治有关的问题，因此特别希望参与者参与决策。第一项研究将从与东北部社区团体的研讨会开始，绘制问题空间，并了解他们与公共媒体相关的边缘化经历。这项研究还将包括与公共媒体部门的个人进行访谈或举办讲习班，以探讨他们对社区参与的看法。在此之后，联合设计过程将开始让社区参与者在发展服务概念方面拥有发言权。然后，我将基于这些概念使用迭代原型，之后我将部署一个原型，参与者作为技术探索者。这个技术探索的目的不是为了本身产生一个解决方案，而是作为一个研究艺术品来了解这个概念。根据这项研究的结果，将使用进一步的联合设计来迭代第二次和第三次部署，其中每一次都将包括我根据联合设计的概念制作的作为技术探测器的原型。这些后续部署的目标是探索并使这一概念适应其他组的需求，并可能涉及重大变化。

Many public broadcasters in the UK and around the world have formal commitments to serve the public. These responsibilities may be outlined in charters, such as those of the ABC and BBC, or enforced through external regulators like OFCOM in the UK. However, current media does not reach all audiences and the equitable provision of public media remains a challenge for the BBC as the world's largest broadcaster by number of employees. As the BBC produces a range of media to meet their charter mission to "inform, educate and entertain", reduced engagement could mean missing out on not only entertainment-focussed, but also educational content. It is therefore desirable to increase engagement for underserved people. Public service media can have the potential to enrich the lives of individuals if they can provide content that gives value, but only if public broadcasters are able to reach and engage them.Within the Northeast of England, employment rates and economic productivity are below average for England, while free school meal rates for disadvantaged families are above average. However, individuals may find support through third sector organisations, such as place-based community groups. For community groups that may be struggling following the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, external support could be beneficial in strengthening their bonds and building resilience. In addition to potential benefits for audiences, connections with underserved people would aid the BBC's creative remit to "reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all of the United Kingdom's nations and regions and support the creative economy". A digital technology service could help the BBC to serve community groups and tailor content to their needs.Given what was discussed above, this research will investigate the role a digital BBC service could play in supporting place-based community groups and will aim to answer the following question and sub-questions:1. How can public services broadcasters such as the BBC serve place-based community group needs?1.1. What type of relations do communities want with the BBC?1.2. How can we ensure that the future of digital public media is inclusive?1.3. How can digital technology support community engagement with public service media?This research will take a human-centred design approach, as individuals in community groups who are disenfranchised may not be properly represented due to the nature of their disenfranchisement, so their experiences are a key part of the research. Since existing research has found digital media services with personalisation can be seen in positive light, but also as an annoyance and as a concern relating to autonomy, the inclusion of participants in decision-making is especially desirable.The first study will begin with workshops with community groups in the Northeast to map the problem space and understand their experiences of marginalisation relating to public media. This study will also include interviews or workshops with individuals in the public media sector to explore their perspectives on engaging communities. Following this, a co-design process will begin to give community participants a voice in the development of service concepts. I will then use iterative prototyping based on the concepts, after which I will deploy a prototype with the participants as a technology probe. The purpose of this technology probe is not to produce a solution in itself, but to act as a research artefact to learn about the concept. Informed by the results of this research, further co-design will be used to iterate second and third deployments, which will each include a prototype I produce as a technology probe based on the co-designed concepts. The goal of these subsequent deployments is to explore and adapt the concept to the needs of other groups and might involve significant changes.