Club Drug Use and HIV Risks among Minorities in NYC

描述（由申请人提供）：本横断面研究的目的是确定纽约市（NYC）经济上处于不利地位、种族/民族多样化的物质使用者群体中俱乐部吸毒的流行程度、相关性和后遗症，以便提供有关该人群中俱乐部吸毒与高风险性行为之间关系的信息。这些信息有助于在经济上处于不利地位的社区开展全面的药物滥用和艾滋病毒预防工作。根据指标监测、法医和医院报告的数据，纽约市的俱乐部毒品使用量（摇头丸、GHB、氯胺酮、LSD、甲基苯丙胺、PCP和氟硝西泮的总称）正在增加。在我们对哈莱姆区注射吸毒者进行的调查中，在30%终生使用LSD和PCP的人群中，终生性伴侣的比例更高。虽然使用各种形式的海洛因和可卡因的性危险在城市内的少数民族社区已成为特点，但俱乐部毒品单独或与其他非法药物联合在多大程度上单独与危险的性行为和感染有关仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这项研究中，我们将使用系统的招募技术在纽约市四个行政区的八个弱势社区招募2000名药物使用者。符合条件和同意的参与者将接受面谈和标本采集。该研究将有三个目的：(1)估计报告注射和非注射吸毒的人在俱乐部吸毒的流行程度（单独和联合），并报告与俱乐部吸毒相关的个人特征（如人口统计、其他非法药物使用）、地点（如按社区划分）和时间（如多年抽样计划内的时间趋势）因素；(2)查明和比较开始和随后购买俱乐部毒品的诱发因素（例如，可得性、机会、家庭和同伴影响、邻里特征）和具体情况，并分别比较俱乐部吸毒的这些因素，无论参与者是否单独或一起使用吸入或注射形式的海洛因、可卡因；(3)在考虑其他协变量后，识别和比较以活跃海洛因、快克或可卡因使用为定义的人群中俱乐部吸毒者和非俱乐部吸毒者的性危险行为；(4)查明和比较俱乐部吸毒者和非俱乐部吸毒者的HIV和HCV血清阳性率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence, correlates and sequelae of club drug use among an economically disadvantaged, racial/ethnically diverse population of substance users in New York City (NYC) in order to provide information on the associations between use of club drugs and high risk sexual behavior in this population. This information can be instrumental to comprehensive substance abuse and HIV prevention efforts in economically disadvantaged communities. Club drug use [a collective term for ecstasy, GHB, ketamine, LSD, methamphetamines, PCP, and flunitrazepam] is increasing in NYC based on data from indicator surveillance, the medical examiner, and hospital reports. In our ongoing surveys of injection drug users in Harlem, a higher number of lifetime sex partners was seen among the 30% with lifetime use of LSD and PCP. While sexual risks with heroin and cocaine in their various forms has been characterized in minority inner city communities, the degree to which club drugs, alone or in combination with other illicit drugs, are independently associated with risky sexual behavior and infections remains an open question. In this study we will enroll 2000 substance users using systematic recruitment techniques in eight disadvantaged neighborhoods within four boroughs of NYC. Eligible and consenting participants will undergo an interview and specimen collection. The study will address three aims: (1) to estimate the prevalence of club drugs (separately and combined) among persons who report injection and non-injection drug use, and to report personal characteristics (e.g. demographics, other illicit drug use), place (e.g., by neighborhood) and time (e.g., time trends within a multi-year sampling scheme) factors associated with club drug use; (2) to identify and compare the predisposing factors (e.g., availability, opportunity, family and peer influences, neighborhood characteristics) and specific circumstances of initiation and subsequent purchases of club drugs and to compare these factors for club drug use separately whether or not participants use inhaled or injectable forms of heroin, cocaine alone or together; (3) to identify and compare sexual risk behaviors among club drug users and non-club drug users in a population defined by active heroin, crack or cocaine use, after accounting for other covariates; and (4) to identify and compare the HIV and HCV seroprevalence among club drug users and non-club drug users.