Land, Identity and Climate change: Understanding the peacebuilding efforts to address complex farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria.

在尼日利亚中部地带地区，农业社区和牧民之间经常发生暴力冲突。牧民大多来自干旱的北部地区，他们把牛带到更绿色的南方农业地区，为他们的牧群寻找草和水。农民大多认为自己是基督徒，来自该地区原住民的不同民族，而牧民大多认为自己是穆斯林，主要来自富拉尼族。对于为什么这场冲突仍在继续，人们提出了几种解释。有些侧重于气候变化和北方荒漠化的影响，有些侧重于争夺稀缺的土地资源，还有一些侧重于冲突中群体的不同身份。然而，这项研究不会将这些视为导致冲突的个别原因，而是探索这些因素是如何汇聚在一起的。它试图为农牧民冲突的发生和持续的原因提供一个全面的解释。国际组织、尼日利亚政府和当地非政府组织都在努力促进该地区的和平。这项研究将分析这些努力，并探讨冲突中的群体如何在不同的干预水平上经历各种建设和平干预措施和政策，为什么会有这样的干预措施，为什么该区域的干预措施一直失败，以及决策者和和平建设者需要采取哪些不同的做法。该项目将为建设和平行为者提供学术成果和政策建议。

In the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria, there are regular violent clashes between farming communities, and herders. The herders are mostly from the dryer Northern part of the country, and they bring their cattle to the greener agrarian south in search of grass and water for their herds. The farmers mostly identify as Christian and are from different ethnic groups indigenous to the region, while the herders mostly identify as Muslim and are primarily from the Fulani ethnic group. Several explanations have been suggested as to why this conflict continues. Some focus on the impact of climate change and the desertification in the North, others on the struggle for scarce land resources, and others on the different identities of the groups in conflict. Instead of looking at these as individual reasons for the conflict, however, this research will explore how these factors converge. It seeks to provide a comprehensive explanation for why the farmer-herder conflict occurs and the reasons for its' persistence. International organisations, the Nigerian government, and local NGOs are all making efforts to promote peace in the region. This research will analyse these efforts and explore how the groups in conflict are experiencing the various peacebuilding interventions and policies at the different levels of intervention, the underlying reasons for why the interventions are being experienced as they are, why interventions in the region have been failing, and what policy makers and peacebuilders need to do differently. The project will produce both academic outputs and policy recommendations for peacebuilding actors.