Carbon Utilisation in the South Wales Industrial Cluster

对工业脱碳的研究对于将主导Net Zero未来的日益增长的低碳技术组合进行资产管理至关重要。这项研究的重点是确定商业案例碳捕获利用(CCU)在整个南威尔士产业集群(SWIC)的应用。CCU是一种公认的(和商业化的)工业脱碳和可持续废物管理方法。废物的利用-二氧化碳通过避免传统化石来源的投入的排放，减少了一个过程的碳足迹。在某些情况下，CCU可以永久存储产品中的二氧化碳，即建筑材料中的矿化。此外，利用废旧二氧化碳作为原料可以实现局部循环，并通过增加废物的价值来减少资源消耗，有助于传统上难以减少的行业的脱碳(例如，从废旧二氧化碳中可持续地生产航空燃料)。尽管CCU是一种可行的脱碳方法，特别是在分散的工业场所，但它没有像其他低碳技术那样得到很好的研究和应用。这主要是由于碳定价不足、能源处罚的技术不成熟以及缺乏CCU意识。因此，以下研究旨在通过与CCU共享低碳基础设施和在当地重新利用废旧二氧化碳来应用循环性和绿色工业共生概念来跨越这些挑战。我们希望确定最适合SWIC的二氧化碳利用途径，以及在哪里可以将二氧化碳衍生产品纳入当地。因此，研究的目标是在一个SWIC景观中逐个模拟相关的CCU植物。这将使用化学/系统工程软件Aspen Plus来完成。目前，从废旧二氧化碳排放中合成可再生甲醇被发现具有相关性，因此正在开发一个模型来评估其在SWIC中的潜力。

Research into industrial decarbonisation is essential to asset the growing mix of low-carbon technologies that will dominate in the Net Zero future. This research focuses on identifying business-case carbon capture utilisation (CCU) applications across South Wales Industrial Cluster (SWIC). CCU is a recognised (and commercialised) method of industrial decarbonisation and sustainable waste management. Utilisation of waste-CO2 reduces a process' carbon footprint by avoiding emissions from conventionally fossil-derived inputs. In some cases CCU can permanently store CO2 in products i.e., mineralisation in construction materials. Furthermore, utilisation of waste-CO2 as a feedstock enables local circularity, and reduces resource consumption by adding value to waste, helping decarbonisation of traditionally hard to abate sectors (e.g., sustainable aviation fuel generation from waste-CO2).Although CCU is a viable decarbonisation method, particularly in dispersed industrial sites, it is not as well researched nor applied as other low-carbon technologies. This is mainly due to insufficient carbon pricing, technology immaturity with energy penalties and lack of CCU awareness. Thus, the following research aims to hurdle such challenges by applying circularity and green-industrial symbiosis concepts with CCU by sharing low-carbon infrastructure and locally reusing waste-CO2. We hope to identify what CO2 utilisation pathways best suit SWIC; and where CO2 derived products can be incorporated locally. Hence research objectives are to simulate relevant CCU plants within the a SWIC landscape case-by-case. This will be done using chemical/system engineering software Aspen Plus. Currently, renewable methanol synthesis from waste-CO2 emissions was found to have relevancy, thus a model is being developed to evaluate its potential in SWIC.