Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory

描述（由申请人提供）：自传体记忆-人们对生活中事件的记忆-是他们对未来行为做出判断的基础，他们在病史中报告的内容，以及他们在许多形式的心理治疗和日常生活中使用的内容。它的功能障碍是阿尔茨海默病、创伤后应激障碍、闭合性脑损伤和几乎所有形式的一般记忆丧失的症状。到目前为止，自传体记忆或情景记忆的神经基础的研究通常依赖于在实验室中学习的材料，这些材料具有最小的情感参与，高度控制和简单的感官环境，在一个非常短的时间间隔内，并且在一个位置。因此，许多在行为上已知对记忆有深远影响的因素（即，情绪强度、感觉输入以及空间和时间背景）在学习中的变化不足以产生在回忆时可以观察到的效果，从而提供了对涉及对现实世界事件的记忆的大脑系统的有限看法。在拟议的研究中，这些因素是不同的现实方式在编码和他们的影响，回忆的神经基础上进行了探讨，使用功能磁共振成像。本研究将采用三种不同的任务来研究自传体记忆的神经相关性：（1）在不同的词汇提示下回忆个人生活事件，（2）识别参与者在野外或实验室研究中拍摄的数码照片，（3）线索识别阶段性事件。视觉图像处理、情感内容和时空背景信息的变化将在编码时被测量，并映射到大脑中与之相关的处理区域。新的见解将获得网络组件激活的不同阶段的记忆检索，包括搜索和生产的记忆和监测其准确性和适当性。这项拟议中的研究将通过在现实世界事件的记忆和实验室刺激的记忆之间建立桥梁，来促进对自传体事件信息检索所涉及的大脑系统的了解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Autobiographical memory - people's memory for events from their lives - is a basis of judgments they make about their future behavior, what they report in their medical histories, and what they use in many forms of psychotherapy and everyday life. Its malfunction is a presenting symptom in Alzheimer's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, closed head injury, and nearly all forms of general memory loss. To date, studies of the neural basis of autobiographical, or episodic, memory have generally relied on materials learned in the laboratory with minimal emotional involvement, a highly controlled and simple sensory environment, over one very short time interval, and in one location. Thus, many of the factors known behaviorally to have profound effects on memory (i.e., emotional intensity, sensory input, and spatial and temporal context) are not varied enough at learning to have effects that can be observed at recall, providing a limited view of the brain systems involved in memory for real-world events. In the proposed studies, these factors are varied in realistic ways at encoding and their effects on the neural basis of recall are probed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three different kinds of tasks will be used to investigate the neural correlates of autobiographical memory: (1) recall of personal life events given various word cues, (2) recognition of digital photographs which participants take in the field or study in the laboratory, and (3) cued recognition of staged events. Variations in visual imagery processes, emotional content, and spatiotemporal contextual information will be measured at encoding and mapped onto their associated processing regions in the brain. New insight will be gained into the network components activated at different stages of memory retrieval, including the search and production of the memory and the monitoring of its accuracy and appropriateness. The proposed research will advance knowledge about the brain systems involved in retrieving information about autobiographical events by bridging between memory for real-world events and memory for laboratory stimuli.